回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:ROGER588910148151 |
發表時間:2019/9/12 上午 06:22:22
第 7282 篇回應
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有第1款價格2778.26歐元;還沒看到第二款價格?
Besremi注射筆(PEN-PV),此一注射筆具有專利,只要按壓即可以事先配好的劑量自動給藥完成注射,預期可以減少病患頻繁回診接受藥物注射的負擔,並提高服藥遵從性。 1.Besremi 250 micrograms/0.5 mL solution for injection in pre-filled pen Each pre-filled pen of 0.5 mL solution contains 250 micrograms of ropeginterferon alfa-2b as measured on a protein basis, corresponding to 500 micrograms/mL.
2.Besremi 500 micrograms/0.5 mL solution for injection in pre-filled pen Each pre-filled pen of 0.5 mL solution contains 500 micrograms of ropeginterferon alfa-2b as measured on a protein basis, corresponding to 1,000 micrograms/mL.
[會員:andytom10148211 發表時間:2019/9/10 下午 08:54:09第 7270 篇回應 Besremi 250 Mikrogramm/0,5 ml Injektionslösung im Fetigpen 1 Fertigpen mit 0,5 ml Lösung enth. 250 μg Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, auf Proteinbasis berechnet, was 500 μg/ml entspricht. Packungsgrößen 1 St. PZN (15203654) Preis (EURO)2778,26 ] |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:ROGER588910148151 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 下午 08:51:47
第 7281 篇回應
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歐洲沒有孤兒藥認證,AOP能談到EU6.6萬/年!? 美國仍有孤兒藥認證,藥華要達成US$7-9萬/年已無多大疑慮才是。
[會員:l0164310146473 發表時間:2019/9/11 下午 02:03:46第 7275 篇回應 德國藥價EU2778.2/st(250micro gram)每2週1針全年藥價=2778.2*2*12=EU66676.8以上資訊是否正確]
節錄2016/05/25中央社新聞: ...美國FDA於2015年12月核准Incyte/諾華的新藥Jakafi增加真性紅血球增生症(PV)一年的療程費用約12.7萬美元;藥華藥的BESREM為針劑用藥,二週打一針,一年後預計可以拉長到四週打一針;目前規劃一年期療程費用約在7-9萬美元間....。
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 下午 05:16:28
第 7280 篇回應
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公司沒有派啊 公司大股東都是國發基金 經濟部耀華及董事長,董事,持股 基本上,他們不會也無能去壓低股價 不像中裕,浩鼎有富爸爸 鴻海有郭台銘,可以加碼買股 因為藥華公司沒有派 不可能去壓低或抬高股價,因為沒有錢 所以有心人想參加籌資,在無公司派的阻力,就很容易 有可能壓抑股價 以低價參與籌資 個人看法,參考參考 不會傷害到你,不要那麼激動。
如果你有合理解釋,不妨提出,大家也參考看看 為何藥華基本面那麼看好 股價卻是如此壓抑? |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:凜雪鴉10148547 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 下午 04:48:52
第 7279 篇回應
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市場是自由的,當然,股價表現也是自由的。
僕竊以為一間大公司的責任是按照原定計畫該做的研發跟行銷要按部就班 行有餘力再來處理股價漂不漂亮。 股價如果這麼好掌控,那郭台銘的股價為什麼不會隨著他喊聲就到兩百?
郭董耶!霸氣鴻海郭董耶! 那個為了黨內初選撒錢跟灑花生米一樣眉頭都不皺一下的郭董耶! 鴻海帝國都難以做到這一點了,為什麼覺得藥華藥能靠著放消息來維持股價? 或是覺得以公司的力量可以去跟想要壓低股價的入資方鬥?
人家公司管理者目前好好的照時程開會送件取證規劃,最重要的還是美國藥證送件以及歐洲銷售 更何況公司要是亂放消息說得過頭了,變成干預股價,想必又會被主管機關罰個一屁股吧 大家為什麼要在這紅口白舌呢?
有興趣的請參照之前經濟學人這一篇, 談美國幾個大ceo,對於公司的經營的主要目標是增加股東財富這件事情提出不同意見
www.economist.com/briefing/2019/08/22/big-business-is-beginning-to-accept-broader-social-responsibilities?fbclid=IwAR0G-l-e8ZCt0VMq_NVHrODRxv3JGVjC_tKGvVm_RXL9cilC-Wx33oEGiB0 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:Eric10147757 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 下午 04:09:45
第 7278 篇回應
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哈哈哈
我只有聽過公司派為要更高的價錢/印最少股票/籌到想要 需要的錢
去拉高股價(如果公司是有未來有前景的)
想要入資的會壓低
公司派是瞎子嗎?
任憑要入資的人馬亂搞
真的無言 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 下午 03:02:29
第 7277 篇回應
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股價盤整往下壓 主因是籌資 籌資價為平均股價八成以上 有心人故意壓低股價 籌資較易 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:l0164310146473 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 下午 02:42:01
第 7276 篇回應
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如果正確,那比先前市場預估全年藥價USD50000高出許多,應是大利多,股價不知為何仍盤跌 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:l0164310146473 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 下午 02:03:46
第 7275 篇回應
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德國藥價EU2778.2/st(250micro gram)每2週1針全年藥價=2778.2*2*12=EU66676.8以上資訊是否正確 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:向錢走10137837 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 上午 11:48:36
第 7274 篇回應
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奇怪了... 有利多消息+股價稍漲時有人批評私募.公募...沒照顧小股東權益...???(到底買了沒) 股價開始回跌,又開始主張這主張那...(到底賣了沒) 我只知道一切都是言論自由加持而已 嘖嘖 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:Anderson10143089 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 上午 11:43:29
第 7273 篇回應
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這檔有鬼不是一天兩天的事了,往往看到好消息去追都是幫忙去接某些人出的貨,套到天荒地老,真的,很多次了。 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:Eric10147757 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 上午 10:46:50
第 7272 篇回應
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真的
這檔股票沒人顧
公司派也不會經營消息釋放
這樣籌資怎會順利
要嘛就一直沒消息
要嘛好消息就有人搶出貨
顧的人真的要來一次下馬威
有人出貨完
就強拉
讓他後悔回頭追
不然真的只是盤整/盤跌的份
要籌資好價錢 慢慢等吧 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:ken10148595 |
發表時間:2019/9/11 上午 10:16:40
第 7271 篇回應
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感覺這隻股票的一些買賣都能恰巧的在公告前先行買入或賣出, 讓投資者有著很不安全感.
另外關於下半年的出貨, 好像也只有法說會說完後就沒了, 之後只看到月營收慘慘慘, 或許年底前真的會一次性拉貨, 但誰知道... 這或許就是為什麼這麼有前景的公司股價卻...
或許公司應該對訂單的消息多讓大家知道及時的進度增加一些信心才是... |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:andytom10148211 |
發表時間:2019/9/10 下午 08:54:09
第 7270 篇回應
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Montag, 09. September 2019 Schlagwörter: Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, gente, Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, rekom, Ropeginterferonum alfa-2b, Polycythämia vera, PV, AOP Orphan, Besremi Injektionslösung Fert, Recombinant DNA derived human Ausbietung zum 15.09.19
Präparat/Vertrieb
Besremi 250 Mikrogramm/0,5 ml Injektionslösung im Fetigpen
AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, 1160 Wien
Zusammensetzung
1 Fertigpen mit 0,5 ml Lösung enth. 250 μg Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, auf Proteinbasis berechnet, was 500 μg/ml entspricht.
Anwendung
Als Monotherapie zur Behandlung von erwachsenen Patienten mit einer Polycythaemia vera ohne symptomatische Splenomegalie.
Packungsgrößen (PZN) Preis (EURO)
1 St. (15203654) 2778,26
Bemerkungen
Neuer Wirkstoff
Lagertemperatur: 2-8 °C
Kühlkettenpflichtig
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:ROGER588910148151 |
發表時間:2019/9/10 上午 08:22:33
第 7269 篇回應
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AOP出貨以及營收認列相關問題 2019.05.19 Q : 公司3月份和5月份有出貨,因為公司營收是以出貨認列,請問年底以前還會出貨嗎? 會的,年底前會出貨。 .......本公司上半年的出貨量是AOP初估其在德、奧 [下半年] 的需求量。在3月及5月的出貨後,AOP要求我們要在2019年年底以前一次性出貨.....AOP 公司與歐盟各國會陸續談妥價格,未來對歐洲出貨頻率會持續穩定増加。
靜待今年的第3第4次出貨! |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:ROGER588910148151 |
發表時間:2019/9/9 下午 10:55:14
第 7268 篇回應
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從2019年9月15日起,BESREMi®(ropeginterferon alfa-2b)將在德國市場上銷售 - www.pressetext.com/nfs/242/716/pdf/0.pdf Ab dem 15. September 2019 ist BESREMi® (Ropeginterferon alfa-2b) auf dem deutschen Markt verfügbar - als erstes zugelassenes Interferon alfa 2-b in Polycythaemia Vera (PV).
所以8月掛0很正常! |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:李阿輝10147886 |
發表時間:2019/9/9 下午 05:58:21
第 7267 篇回應
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:春和景明10141799 |
發表時間:2019/9/9 下午 12:42:42
第 7266 篇回應
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人啊,是健忘的,太簡單取得的資訊常常過目即忘,不做筆記的話,只有自己花時間做功課找的資料才會記得 我自己找過資料,所以記得,公司臨床實驗病情改善穩定後BESREMI可以改成一個月一針
感謝Walden大您的提醒,我已經找到BESREMI歐洲仿單,已仔細研讀在仿單上BESREMI的劑量是如何建議使用 另外也找到BESREMI目前在歐洲販售的包裝劑量 重新做功課才發覺自己也把版上其他大大曾提供過的資料都忘了 太簡單取得的資訊常常過目即忘,以後要做筆記了 上個月初版上其他版友才討論過的,感謝上個月初版上大大們分享的BESREMI售價 這個價格數字是花時間在板上重新找過一次得來的,我不會再忘記了 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:小正正10142326 |
發表時間:2019/9/9 上午 11:18:17
第 7265 篇回應
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Spotlight on Emerging Agents for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
聚焦骨髓增生性腫瘤的新興藥物
From Medscape Education Oncology
Authors: John Mascarenhas, MD; Robyn M. Scherber, MD, MPH; Srdan Verstovsek, MD, PhD Faculty and Disclosures
CME / ABIM MOC Released: 9/6/2019
摘錄其中:
一、Dr Verstovsek: What do we use as a front line? Typically, that would be hydroxyurea, but the guidelines also say, Or interferon, and I would say in common practice, interferon is preferred for younger people.
Verstovsek博士:我們用什麼作為前線?通常,這將是羥基脲,但指南也說,“或乾擾素”,我會說,在通常的做法,干擾素是年輕人的首選。
二、Robyn M. Scherber, MD, MPH: In the second-line setting, if we’ve only tried 1 agent, often we’ll try another that we would have otherwise considered as an upfront agent. So if I have a patient on hydroxyurea, I might also consider interferon as a next line, or if I’ve had a patient on interferon, I might try hydroxyurea
Robyn M. Scherber,醫學博士,公共衛生碩士:在二線設置中,如果我們只嘗試了一個代理人,我們通常會嘗試另一個我們原本認為是前期代理人的代理人。所以如果我患有羥基脲,我也可能會考慮干擾素作為下一行,或者如果我患有乾擾素的患者,我可能會嘗試羥基脲
三、Dr Verstovsek: Now, the ET perhaps, just to touch base on that part, is the least explored for new therapies, but there is an agent that may have a role there, and we’re going to be talking next about interferons of different types, which are being studied in PV. But maybe in future in ET as well.
Verstovsek博士:現在,ET或許只是觸及那個部分的基礎,是新療法中探索最少的,但是有一個可能在那裡發揮作用的代理人,我們接下來會談論干擾素不同類型的,正在研究PV。但也許將來也會在ET中出現。
四、Dr Mascarenhas: That’s a good segue to ropeginterferon, which is an interferon-alpha 2B, and this is a monopegylated form of interferon, and therefore it can be dosed less frequently. So, every 2 weeks. The toxicity profile that we’ve elaborated on with traditional interferon, or peginterferon may be better, although not compared head-to-head. There are data from the PROUD-PV and the CONTI-PV study that’s shown on this slide that a significant proportion of patients, particularly when followed beyond a year, can achieve responses that include the traditional complete hematologic response, and symptom improvement, and importantly as a biomarker for disease modification, reductions that are significant in the JAK2-V617F allele burden.
Mascarenhas博士:這是一種很好的繩索干擾素,它是一種干擾素-α2B,這是一種單PEG化形式的干擾素,因此它的給藥頻率較低。所以,每兩週一次。我們用傳統干擾素或聚乙二醇干擾素詳細闡述的毒性特徵可能更好,儘管沒有進行頭對頭比較。來自本幻燈片上的PROUD-PV和CONTI-PV研究的數據表明,相當一部分患者,尤其是超過一年的患者,可以獲得包括傳統的完全血液學反應和症狀改善的反應,並且重要的是作為疾病修飾的生物標誌物,減少在JAK2-V617F等位基因負荷中顯著
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/9/9 上午 10:19:46
第 7264 篇回應
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如果你現在PV生病每天要吞HU一顆藥 一顆一元 真的很便宜,但是不會治好,吃心酸的,而且會惡化成MF 以前沒有一線藥,所以用HU治標 二線線JAkAFI,一天也不止一塊錢, 2011,12月拿到藥證,2012為Incyte貢獻42億新台幣 藥華僅賣PV1101原料藥給AOp,就8月前也進帳一億多元 Aop賣一針一塊錢?真的X鳥比鷄腿。 鷄網派人來亂? 鷄網以前就對藥價打翻天,欲致藥華於死地。 P1101剛開始一二週打一針,幾年後穩定可能一個月打一針,打終生 你看多好,病人可以少花錢,藥華可以終身有錢可收, 股民發大財,不好? |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:小企鵝10142872 |
發表時間:2019/9/9 上午 08:54:46
第 7263 篇回應
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大家要注意一個重點,就是干擾素的副作用 之前因為副作用很大,所以劑量濃度低,病患使用意願不高 小華可以做到濃度高且副作用低==>病患使用意願應該會提高
至於哪些副作用,大家 google 就知道 這種病是需要長期治療 病患最終的選擇才是重點
如果大家把小華的干擾素和40年前的東西相提並論 且歐盟和FDA那些比我們大家都聰明的醫學天才 也都被騙了 ===>那目前股價當然是高估
新藥公司,最重要的是研發,還有產品 藥華目前吃虧在籌碼 但只要產品沒有問題 籌碼就只能靠時間消化了
最後請大家客觀的思考 如果現在還在未上市,準備要掛牌 股價大家覺得是多少??
如果各位只肯給比現在還低的價格 那我覺得就不用再看這檔股票 畢竟還有快要兩千檔股票可以選
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:Walden10140608 |
發表時間:2019/9/9 上午 12:49:05
第 7262 篇回應
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春和景明大
如果你現在生病每天要吞一顆藥 一顆一元 現在藥廠說 出了一顆藥 一周吞一顆即可 按照你的邏輯 你覺得那顆藥賣不到7元嗎? 藥廠是白癡嗎? 自己搬石頭砸自己的腳? 我倒覺得 一顆賣 10元都還是便宜了 同樣地,如果以後兩周一針改一個月一針,患者可以少挨一針,方便性提高,藥廠不漲價就不錯了怎麼可能還跌價 而且都是用一年療程多少錢來算的,從來不是一根針收多少錢(有人劑量打100有人還打到250咧) 最慈悲的方式是,維持原本藥價,但是公司的針劑成本下降(一年24根變12根),對病人跟公司都是雙贏
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:小企鵝10142872 |
發表時間:2019/9/8 上午 09:14:50
第 7261 篇回應
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感謝ROGER大大的提醒
備供出售大多是以年為投資單位 所以暫時不會有任何賣出的想法
從未上市->興櫃->上櫃, 持股到現在也好多年了 只是中間風風雨雨 看來都只是過程 最後還是會有好結果(單從基本面)
不過股價和籌碼 還是讓人無法理解 法人為何不愛這檔
台股接近兩千檔股票 其實這種基本面好但被低估的股票也不少 但大多都是持續這樣 所以我已經看開了 |
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會員:阿中10143502 |
發表時間:2019/9/7 上午 08:11:09
第 7260 篇回應
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至於藥物從送件時間到取得藥證,一般藥物約須 12.6 個月,由於大部份的孤兒藥有獲得 Priority Review 的優先審查權,故取證僅須 10.4 個月 羅敏菁(孤兒藥篇) 所以p1101照正常程序走,年底前送件,明年11月中取證是可以預期的 |
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會員:阿中10143502 |
發表時間:2019/9/7 上午 07:28:26
第 7259 篇回應
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光美國jakafi在2012年貢獻incyte42億台幣營收 所以公司在2018年底增資稿本估營收民國111年接近百億(不含歐洲) 不是亂寫的
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會員:阿中10143502 |
發表時間:2019/9/7 上午 07:18:59
第 7258 篇回應
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剛才一下incyte申請jakafi藥證 2011年6月6日申請, 2011年11月16日取證 真的很快 |
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會員:ROGER588910148151 |
發表時間:2019/9/6 下午 08:57:32
第 7257 篇回應
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2019/04/18新聞:藥華藥PV新藥..市場樂觀認為,該新藥可望不用在美國再進行任何橋接臨床,即可在諮詢會議後即可送件申請,以罕病藥審查約需六至九個月來看,該新藥有機會在明年下半年上市。
馬拉松最後一哩路,小企鵝大挺住了!
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會員:ROGER588910148151 |
發表時間:2019/9/6 下午 08:33:29
第 7256 篇回應
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臥騰 (Optum)估計美國PV藥證時間落點?
professionals.optumrx.com/content/dam/optum3/professional-optumrx/news/outlook/ORX6204_190816_B2B-NEWSLETTER_RxOutlook_2019Q3_FINAL.pdf
ropeginterferon 1H2020 Yes Yes (2020年的表列時間範圍有區分成:3Q2020 /2H2020 / 4Q2020/ 2020 /Late 2020)
OptumRx:是一間藥品福利管理公司,是斡旋於醫療保險公司、病患、醫療院所與藥房之間的機構,透過手中大量的病患資訊,審核藥品處方及醫保公司的保單,從而管控醫保公司的保費支出,並提供患者個人化的服務、幫助其處理保險理賠。
[會員:李阿輝10147886 發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 04:05:16第 7236 篇回應 ...隨即追問送件日期是否仍按原定時間表,也就是在年底之前完成送件。我方均以肯定且明確回覆:「是的」,並説我們會更努力,或許有機會 [更提前] 完成 BLA 送件並取得在美國的上市行銷藥證。] |
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會員:小正正10142326 |
發表時間:2019/9/6 下午 07:19:16
第 7255 篇回應
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以下係個人自行推論藥華藥自即日起至年底可能發布之新聞 (可能有誤,謹供參考)。
一、美國FDA同意ET三期臨床申請。
二、日本PV執行一組約20人「類第二期單臂小型有效性、安全性」橋接臨床試驗(Bridging study)(參照法說會資料頁20)。
三、61屆美國ASH年會12月7日至9日,AOP發表相關論文數據(PROUD-PV後再臨床IIIb(CONTI-PV),此臨床試驗乃為取得長期療效及安全性的臨床數據,預計臨床試驗將於2019年6月結束)。(純屬個人推論,至ASH網站尚查無相關資訊)。
四、向美國FDA提出PV藥證申請(BLA submission)。
問題:歐洲滲透率似乎進度緩慢?
一、歐洲滲透率問題,目前AOP官網公告僅奧地利(人口877萬)及德國(8300萬)使用Ropeginterferon, 同時,藥華藥法說會資料,至年底亦僅只有德國、奧地利。至於規劃中的瑞士及北歐四國(總人口約3000萬),似乎至年底可能仍無法談妥。
二、目前MPN病友團體,有上傳使用Ropeginterferon,僅網友Alan大提供PMF患者使用Ropeginterferon,尚查無有PV患者使用Ropeginterferon。
問題:美國市場?(前提順利取藥並談妥藥價)
incyte公司jakafi美國年銷售雖超過10億美金,惟係含MF一線用藥及PV二線用藥患者,且年費用超過13萬美金,若僅論美國PV患者,約3000人使用jakafi,年銷售約4億美金。藥華藥官網推論美國PV患者使用ropeginterferon患者數約4.5倍(不知解讀是否正確)。因此,若保守推論約1萬3千500人,年費用8000美元,年營收為10億800萬美金,約新台幣324億,惟扣除相關管銷費用、相關必要成本等,剩下的淨利仍有多少?EPS究有多少?仍待觀察?
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會員:小企鵝10142872 |
發表時間:2019/9/6 下午 04:45:47
第 7254 篇回應
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感謝 Linbad 大大的體會 小弟已經將藥華放在備供出售了 所以每天收盤看看即可 只要基本面不變 |
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/9/6 下午 01:38:50
第 7253 篇回應
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小企鵝兄, 尊重您的個人看法 所謂論壇 就是大家意見不一定會相同 沒有對錯 藥華若只看論壇 就決定他的決策 那麼管理藥華這家公司 其實是很容易的。
我想藥華能夠拿到歐洲藥證 正朝拿美國藥證前進 那麼卓越的公司 不會僅僅看論壇就會影響他的決策
請您放心吧! |
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會員:小企鵝10142872 |
發表時間:2019/9/6 下午 01:15:34
第 7252 篇回應
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Linbad10148532 發表時間:2019/9/6 上午 10:10:49第 7251 篇回應 Pre-BLA正面消息 藥華只是在藥華網站公告 是不夠的。 應該發佈新聞稿於各大報 廣為告知 吸引更多長期投資人
但若是另有其它考慮 比如 壓低私募價格 則會另人覺得其用心可議 ================================= 我相信這檔股票投資比我久的人不多 股票上上下下 如果他真的在媒體上大肆宣傳 一樣會有人說 拉高出貨 ========================= 藥華目前的狀況就類似 伊索寓言父子騎驢那個故事
因為缺乏主見,盲目聽從路人的批評,到頭來無所適從什麼都做不好。要有自己的主見「謀事在己,誹謗由人」。
藥華目前也拿出成績 這些科學家也很努力 ================================= 只要股票漲,就算基本面再爛,大家都開心 只要股票跌,就算基本面再好,大家都傷心
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/9/6 上午 10:10:49
第 7251 篇回應
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Pre-BLA正面消息 藥華只是在藥華網站公告 是不夠的。 應該發佈新聞稿於各大報 廣為告知 吸引更多長期投資人
但若是另有其它考慮 比如 壓低私募價格 則會另人覺得其用心可議
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會員:春和景明10141799 |
發表時間:2019/9/6 上午 12:23:37
第 7250 篇回應
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營收在美國上市後,製造行銷一條龍的規劃無變動的話,不計算再拿到其他血液疾的藥證, 單是真性紅血球增生症的營收,高峰達百億台幣是公司計算出來的,那公司應該是有相當的把握才是 如果在這次私募有藥廠進來入股,公司突然改變計畫,美國市場變成讓入股的藥廠進行銷售,而藥華美國只拿分潤收入和里程金 那,百億台幣當然是不可能的
不過,有一點要注意,之前公司有說,臨床實驗中,甚至可以一個月打一次 如果有醫師依病患改善程度,從兩週一次,改一個月打一次, 營收有可能,比,最樂觀的,全部病患都是兩週打一次用藥的狀況下的預估還少 第四年營收高峰後如果病患逐漸改成一個月打一次,病患人數沒有太大增長的話,營收可能是會減少的, 這要看藥價、治療費用是怎麼談的,一個月打一次和兩週打一次藥價差別有多少,是否有比較便宜,以及一個月打一次和兩週打一次用藥量差別多少。 如果一個月打一次比兩週打一次便宜,如果長期治療後,病情穩定的病患都轉成一個月打一次的話,長期來說營收可能要打折扣了。
公司一直以來花錢都大手大腳相當捨得砸錢,聘請美國血液疾病大頭當顧問,挖角諾華Jakavi行銷負責人,諸如此類 美國上市初期可以預見,行銷費用的支出會非常多...... |
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會員:凜雪鴉10148547 |
發表時間:2019/9/6 上午 12:14:45
第 7249 篇回應
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我的理解是這樣的,Pre-BLA就是一個申請藥證前的會議, 大概就跟學測大考前參加全國模擬考落點分析是差不多的意思。 模擬考考得好,通常大考就不會有問題;模擬考考得差,大考就比較有問題。
如果有人之前模擬考考出來都落在超後段的學店大學,正式學測要上醫學系就是極為困難的事情 如果模擬考落點分析都在牙醫藥學那個區塊,那正式考試好好發揮就有機會上醫學系,最壞通常也不會掉出醫學院
今天藥華藥Pre-BLA會議看起來不錯,我是說....把「相談甚歡」「結果正面」當作結果不錯的話 那就表示模擬考考得不錯也有抓對考試讀書抓重點的方向。 加上也真的不用作三期臨床試驗了,結果應該會是往好的方向發展 我等股民就看要不要賭一把,賭年底送件、明年取證、私募成功,股價跳回兩百以上囉。
至於公司全球營收百億?我是不相信啦。 真有那天的話.....
藥華百億營收日,家祭無忘告乃翁 |
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會員:王碰仔10148138 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 10:32:37
第 7248 篇回應
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要是幾年前 這種新聞股價老早就漲翻天了⋯⋯ 為何成交量這麼低 外資持股也維持在10幾趴就不動了 我覺得現在都要看實值的營收 所以還是要保留警覺 順利的話也要1年才會看到成果 而且營收有想像中的百億嗎?
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會員:小明10146339 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 07:30:36
第 7247 篇回應
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會議結果正面,股價又非高檔,應該採取公募,尊重小股東的認購權吧! 除非真的有什麼“對公司前景有利的策略性對象”,否則,似乎沒有私募的必要吧! |
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會員:李阿輝10147886 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 06:37:11
第 7246 篇回應
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藥證申請可以說過了 查廠可以說過了 pre-BLA就是個會議 可以說會議結果正面 會議結果很好 但是就是沒有什麼過不過的問題 建議用詞還是要精確一點為上
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會員:DHL10147526 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 06:10:49
第 7245 篇回應
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 05:46:20
第 7244 篇回應
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藥華事先需送briefing package給FDA包含待質詢FDA的問題, 以及需再與FDA澄清或確認的事項。Pre-BLA會議8月28召開 CMC會議、9月4 日召開 Non-CMC (Medical) 會議。
如果Pre-BLA不是正面,沒有過, 可以年底前BLA申請藥證?
所以Pre-BLA正面或者說,過了。 是申請藥證很重要的一步 而且確定了不用再做大三期或小三期
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 05:31:13
第 7243 篇回應
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Pre-BLA已經過了
意味年底前可以直接送BLA,申請FDA藥證
所以藥華
現金增資私募普通股
應該是不會有什麼問題的
P1101美國藥證鉅大的利潤 應該會吸引很多有眼光的投資人 |
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會員:李阿輝10147886 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 05:20:10
第 7242 篇回應
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大三期小三期也早就不知道澄清幾百次了 大家都早知道不用做 還是有特定人士媒體搧風點火
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會員:Eric10147757 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 05:16:25
第 7241 篇回應
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真的
不會做宣傳(不須重做三期好消息無人知)
這樣現增/募資
怎會有好價錢
辛苦啊 |
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會員:李阿輝10147886 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 05:14:39
第 7240 篇回應
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個人認為重大訊息公告應該要等到收到FDA的會議紀錄再發布會比較好 更何況pre-BLA meeting是面對面討論的會議形式 並不是實質的審查 也沒有過或不過的問題
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 05:03:52
第 7239 篇回應
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Pre-BLA過了,年底前送BLA申請FDA藥證 僅僅在藥華網站新聞動態說明嗎?
不需要發佈重訊?不發佈可能會被證管會罰款?
建議應該發佈重訊 並澄清不需要作大三期或小三期 直接送BLA申請藥證 |
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會員:應無所住10144738 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 04:37:07
第 7238 篇回應
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1.很好,年底提出是剛剛好 請公司展現執行力,說到做到,最好是提前完成
2.肝炎/ET三期,務必要讓臨床的進行順利
3.籌錢好辦事,為求順利也要照顧所有長期看好的股東
加油 |
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會員:avandia10146474 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 04:23:25
第 7237 篇回應
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此次會議確認BLA送件格式 接下來就是年底前 確認藥證申請了 也打臉不斷放消息要做大三期小三期的媒體跟有心人士
恭喜藥華藥 完成最重要一哩路 如果成功 將能樹立台灣新藥產業重要的里程碑 |
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會員:李阿輝10147886 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 04:05:16
第 7236 篇回應
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原訂 2019 年 9 月 4 日下午公司與 FDA 審查生物新藥小組會議如期舉行,本次面對面會議由 FDA 官員醫學顧問副處長列席指導,參加官方成員包含醫學官、臨床醫學、生物統計、法規、藥物動力學、臨床藥物學。除了非臨床外,審核成員共11官員均到場進行溝通。 藥華醫藥團隊到現場的同仁及顧問團(含前美國 FDA 臨床醫學副處長、生物統計學副處長)另負責統計的 CRO 公司 CEO 等共十一位代表,另電話視訊參加者也近十人,包括前 EMA 醫官、前美國 FDA 法規副處長、及公司參與主管等。本次會議公司團隊行政領導一如往常,由美國公司研發副總 Dr. Zimmerman 主持,臨床醫學則由與公司合作近五年醫學顧問,美國 MPN 最權威醫學意見領袖德州安得生癌症醫學中心史教授親自代表說明。 會議開始按慣例在官員先自我介紹後,接下來我方成員也一一報上名。會議開始後,會議主持人 FDA 醫學副處長就和我們醫學領導輕聲交談並行敘舊,幽默交談並引起大家笑聲連連,氣氛一下子就輕鬆了起來。會議不久馬上進入最關鍵的部分,由我們公司醫學顧問史教授代表提出十張投影片說明我們正在進行中有關送件的臨床、非臨床、和生物統計學凖備的方向及相關資料充分與否向FDA提問,如是就可以完成 BLA 送件並行取得在美國的上市許可。 會中美國史教授説明過程中均以肯定及幽默的方式回答官員提問的細節,席間進展非常順暢,氣氛相當融洽。結尾時,審核主醫學官首先感謝我們所有的準備資料,並且説非常有幫助他們的審查,隨即追問送件日期是否仍按原定時間表,也就是在年底之前完成送件。我方均以肯定且明確回覆:「是的」,並説我們會更努力,或許有機會更提前完成 BLA 送件並取得在美國的上市行銷藥證。 另外特別説明大家一直關心的、關於我們是不是要再做小三期或大三期。事實上在與美國 FDA 溝通超過五次的過程當中,對於補做第三期以確認有效性及安全性,自始至終就不曾是選項。如今可以完全確定的是,目前為了 BLA 的送件,應用現有的第三期的臨床數據及依 FDA 新規範的統計運算方式所得初步結果,對他們統計部門來說是合理可以接受的。接下來公司就要快馬加鞭,按原計劃時程在年底前送件成功。 |
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會員:凜雪鴉10148547 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 03:45:28
第 7235 篇回應
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大家出來罵公司之前有沒有想過, 跟FDA開會的時間是美國時間九月四號,不是台灣時間九月四號。 算上美國台灣時差跟公司內部作業時間,本來就是今天會給大家一個答案 雖然我也在等,不過我想,等等就應該會更新了吧。
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第 7234 篇回應
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沒辦法,藥華公司就像牛一樣,需要人常常鞭笞,打一下走二步,幾天不打又固態復萌。 |
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會員:Eric10147757 |
發表時間:2019/9/5 下午 02:46:49
第 7233 篇回應
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9月4 日召開 Non-CMC (Medical) 會議
有結論嗎?
公司又未updated,罰不怕嗎? |
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會員:小正正10142326 |
發表時間:2019/9/4 下午 02:56:32
第 7232 篇回應
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彙整摘錄有關Roepginterferon干擾素綜合性文章
(若以前網友有上傳重覆,敬請見諒)
一、Ruxolitinib Combos Explored to Address MPN-Associated Symptoms
Brandon Scalea、Published: Monday, May 06, 2019
How would you define the role of interferon today?
As you know, most of the randomized data for the past 3 decades in PV has utilized hydroxyurea as one of the primary arms. However, there is increasing use of interferon, especially in patients who are JAK2-positive. We have early hints that over time, patients’ molecular mutation burden might decline with the use of interferon. One of the big landmarks in MPNs was the publication in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines of treatment recommendations for these diseases. They did indicate that interferon was an appropriate frontline choice for some individuals.
In my practice, I tend to use interferon in younger patients because it’s a little bit better tolerated. I use it in individuals where fertility is a concern because it’s less likely to cause significant concerns in either male or female patients. Also, if I’m contemplating treatment for decades, the skin toxicities for hydroxyurea can be a problem over time. I do prefer to start with interferon since it can be well tolerated, especially in pegylated form. A novel interferon- alpha has been introduced in Europe, and we hope that will be the kind of agent that American patients have access to in the future.
你今天如何定義干擾素的作用?
如您所知,PV過去30年的大多數隨機數據都使用羥基脲作為主要手臂之一。然而,干擾素的使用越來越多,特別是在JAK2陽性的患者中。我們早期提示,隨著時間的推移,患者的分子突變負擔可能隨著干擾素的使用而下降。MPN中的一個重要標誌是國家綜合癌症網絡針對這些疾病的治療建議指南的出版物。他們的確表明干擾素是某些人適當的前線選擇。
在我的實踐中,我傾向於在年輕患者中使用乾擾素,因為它的耐受性稍好一些。我在生育能力受到關注的個體中使用它,因為它不太可能引起男性或女性患者的重大擔憂。此外,如果我正在考慮治療幾十年,羥基脲的皮膚毒性可能會成為一個問題。我更喜歡從乾擾素開始,因為它可以很好地耐受,尤其是聚乙二醇化形式。一種新的干擾素-α已經在歐洲引入,我們希望這將成為美國患者未來可以獲得的那種藥劑。
二、Symptom Management, Risk Stratification Crucial in MPN Treatment
Kristi Rosa、Published: Tuesday, Jul 09, 2019
Will there continue to be a role for interferon in MPNs?
I believe so, especially in younger patients; that is really the population. Many of us who do use interferon aren’t as afraid of it; [perhaps we start at lower doses to better manage adverse events], but I believe there is always going to be a population of individuals who benefit from interferon. Therefore, I don’t think we should ignore it.
干擾素會繼續在MPN中發揮作用嗎?
我相信,尤其是年輕患者; 這真的是人口。我們許多使用乾擾素的人並不害怕它; [也許我們從較低劑量開始以更好地控制不良事件],但我相信總會有一群人從乾擾素中受益。因此,我認為我們不應該忽視它。
三、Newer Interferon Agents and Other Novel Treatments Propel MPN Paradigm Gina Columbus、Published: Monday, Mar 04, 2019
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b is another one being investigated. At the 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting, there were some good data presented on that. Those data look to be more mature in 2019 and 2020, which would help us in giving a more tolerable version of interferon.
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b是另一個被調查的人。在2018年ASCO年會上,有一些很好的數據。這些數據在2019年和2020年看起來更加成熟,這將有助於我們提供更耐受的干擾素版本。
四、Dr. Kambhampati Discusses Role of Interferon in MPNs Suman Kambhampati, MD、Published: Monday, Feb 25, 2019
Due to the lack of comparative data between interferon and standard therapies, interferon has historically been reserved as a second-line therapy for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, pegylated formulations, such as peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) and ropeginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron), have demonstrated higher safety, efficacy, and tolerability profiles, explained Abdulraheem Yacoub, MD.
由於缺乏干擾素和標準療法之間的比較數據,干擾素歷來被保留作為骨髓增生性腫瘤(MPN)患者的二線療法。然而,聚乙二醇化製劑,如聚乙二醇干擾素α-2a(Pegasys)和ropeginterferon alfa-2b(PEG-Intron),已證明具有更高的安全性,有效性和耐受性,Abdulraheem Yacoub醫學博士解釋道。
peginterferon alfa-2a is the most commonly used version; it’s administered weekly with titration options in the dose and the schedule. Peginterferon alfa-2a is the agent we have the most experience with. There is also a newer, longer-acting version called ropeginterferon alfa-2b that is not yet commercially available in the United States. Most of the experience in the United States and Europe has been with peginterferon alfa-2a. Most of the published literature used that drug, although a lot of the upcoming studies are evaluating the use of the longer-acting ropeginterferon alfa-2b.
聚乙二醇干擾素α-2a是最常用的版本; 每週使用劑量和時間表中的滴定選項進行管理。聚乙二醇干擾素α-2a是我們最有經驗的代理商。還有一種名為ropeginterferon alfa-2b的更新,更長效的版本在美國尚未商業化。美國和歐洲的大部分經驗都是聚乙二醇干擾素α-2a。大多數已發表的文獻都使用了這種藥物,儘管很多即將進行的研究正在評估長效繩索干擾素α-2b的使用。
We’re always trying to achieve disease control in our patients with the least amount of side effects. [We hope clinical trials will guide us] in our choice of therapy. The most recent molecule, ropeginterferon alfa-2b is a candidate for future clinical trials. It has a significant half- life that allows for administration every 14 days or every month—that’s a significant improvement in QoL and convenience for patients. This particular medication was studied in international clinical trials and was also found to be noninferior to hydroxyurea, and potentially superior as long-term therapy. This molecule is being investigated in an international clinical trial for first- or second-line therapy for patients with ET and PV.
There has also been data with the use of interferon for patients with newly diagnosed myelofibrosis who don’t have advanced disease features or advanced scarring of the bone marrow. These data show that interferon might result in a slowing or modifying of the disease behavior. In addition, interferon combinations are now emerging to try to boost its activity and result in a deeper, faster, or safer response.
我們總是試圖以最少量的副作用在患者中實現疾病控制。[我們希望臨床試驗將指導我們]我們選擇的治療方法。最新的分子,ropeginterferon alfa-2b是未來臨床試驗的候選者。它具有顯著的半衰期,允許每14天或每月進行一次給藥 - 這是對QoL和患者便利性的顯著改善。這種特殊的藥物在國際臨床試驗中進行了研究,並且發現它不劣於羥基脲,並且作為長期治療可能更有優勢。該分子正在國際臨床試驗中進行研究,用於ET和PV患者的一線或二線治療。
還有一些數據表明干擾素可用於新診斷的骨髓纖維化患者,這些患者沒有先進的疾病特徵或骨髓先進的瘢痕形成。這些數據表明干擾素可能導致疾病行為的減緩或改變。此外,干擾素組合現在正在出現,試圖提高其活性,並產生更深,更快或更安全的反應。
五、The Future of Polycythemia Vera Treatment
Prithviraj Bose, MD、Published Online:Apr 30, 2019
There is a new long-acting interferon formulation called ropeginterferon-alfa-2b, which predominantly has been trialed in Europe and recently got a positive opinion from the EMA [European Medicines Agency] there. This has been developed in the frontline setting, actually, in a trial versus hydroxyurea, to which it was noninferior. So again, that’s an interferon approach.
有一種名為ropeginterferon-alfa-2b的新型長效干擾素製劑,主要在歐洲進行試驗,最近得到了EMA [歐洲藥品管理局]的積極評價。實際上,這是在前線環境中開發的,與羥基脲相比,它是非劣效的。再說一次,這是一種干擾素方法
六、Ruxolitinib: Adverse Events & First-Line Plausibility Prithviraj Bose, MD、Published Online:Apr 30, 2019
From the viewpoint of the competitive landscape of drug development, there is an agent called ropeginterferon-alfa-2b, which is being developed in the frontline setting and recently got a positive opinion from the EMA [European Medicines Agency]. I believe there will be trials in the United States as well. So this is a drug, it’s an interferon formulation that actually was shown to be noninferior to hydroxyurea at 1 year in the frontline setting. And then with 2 and 3 years of follow-up, it actually seemed to be better. So I would assume that something similar would need to be done versus hydroxyurea in the frontline setting for such a development path for ruxolitinib.
從藥物開發的競爭格局來看,有一種名為ropeginterferon-alfa-2b的藥劑正在前線開發,最近得到了EMA [歐洲藥品管理局]的積極評價。我相信在美國也會有審判。所以這是一種藥物,它是一種干擾素配方,實際上在前線設置中顯示出1年時羥基脲的劣勢。然後經過2年和3年的跟進,實際上似乎更好。因此,我認為在ruxolitinib的這種開發路徑的前線設置中需要對羥基脲進行類似的操作。
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第 7231 篇回應
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www.onclive.com/printer?url=/web-exclusives/challenges-remain-but-research-abounds-in-polycythemia-vera-and-myelofibrosis
Challenges Remain, But Research Abounds in Polycythemia Vera and Myelofibrosis
挑戰仍然存在,但研究仍然存在真性紅細胞增多症和骨髓纖維化
Ellie Leick、Published: Tuesday, Sep 03, 2019
摘錄其中:
In Europe, there is ropeginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron), which is longer-acting formulation; it is not yet approved in the United States. A trial was done and has been updated comparing ropeginterferon alfa-2b versus hydroxyurea [to see what] the right patient population that can tolerate it is. There is an advantage to the ropeginterferon arm; it definitely keeps control of the counts of hematocrit, and that helps protects people from risk of thrombosis. Additionally, more than hydroxyurea, [ropeginterferon] can have an impact on the molecular burden of the disease. That is expected to have more of an impact on the course of the disease, not just controlling symptoms and manifestations, but actually changing the biology of the disease.
在歐洲,有一種繩狀乾燥劑alfa-2b(PEG-Intron),它是一種長效配方; 它尚未在美國獲得批准。一項試驗已經完成並且已經更新,比較了ropeginterferon alfa-2b與hydroxyurea [看看什麼]能夠耐受它的正確患者群體。繩索夾帶臂有一個優點; 它絕對可以控制血細胞比容的數量,這有助於保護人們免受血栓形成的風險。此外,超過羥基脲,[ropeginterferon]可能會對疾病的分子負擔產生影響。預計這將對疾病的進程產生更大的影響,不僅控制症狀和表現,而且實際上改變了疾病的生物學。
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第 7230 篇回應
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www.onclive.com/web-exclusives/expert-hopeful-to-add-novel-agents-to-mpn-armamentarium
Expert Hopeful to Add Novel Agents to MPN Armamentarium
專家希望為MPN Armamentarium添加新型代理商
Published: Tuesday, Jul 02, 2019
Kristi Rosa
摘錄其中:
Another agent that has been used in the PV treatment paradigm is interferon. In the phase III PROUD-PV trial, investigators compared ropeginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron) with hydroxyurea in patients with PV. After 1 year, patients were rolled over to the CONTI-PV trial, with the option to switch from hydroxyurea to best available therapy (BAT).
Results showed that after 3 years of treatment, maintenance of higher response rates was shown in patients who received ropeginterferon alfa-2b compared with those who received hydroxyurea/BAT for complete hematologic response (CHR) and for CHR plus symptom improvement.2 Furthermore, over the course of 2 years, response rates were observed to have steadily increased in those who were given ropeginterferon alfa-2b compared with those who received hydroxyurea/BAT; this trend remained constant after 36 months.
另一種用於PV治療範例的藥物是乾擾素。在III期PROUD-PV試驗中,研究人員對PV患者進行了繩索干擾素α-2b(PEG-Intron)與羥基脲的比較。1年後,患者轉入CONTI-PV試驗,可選擇從羥基脲轉為最佳治療(BAT)。
結果顯示,治療3年後,接受ropeginterferon alfa-2b治療的患者與接受羥基脲/ BAT完全血液學反應(CHR)和CHR加症狀改善的患者相比,維持較高的反應率。2此外,在2年的時間內,與接受羥基脲/ BAT的患者相比,接受繩狀干擾素α-2b治療的患者的反應率穩步增加; 這種趨勢在36個月後保持不變。
What is the role of interferon in the paradigm?
Interferon is certainly an excellent therapy that we have used in PV for a number of years; it’s mechanism of action still remains a little bit unclear; [specifically, we don’t know] whether it could potentially target an MPN stem cell.
The PROUD-PV and its continuation study did show some interesting data in abstract format. [With that study it appeared that], over time, CHRs were increasing in years 2 and 3 and that perhaps there was a decrease in the burden of JAK2 at the molecular level. However, we know from the studies here in the United States, such as the MPD-RC 112 study, that they looked pretty much the same and that there wasn’t an improvement and perhaps there were increased adverse events in patients who received pegylated interferon. However, I do believe it’s a therapy that can be considered for patients and a better understanding of its mechanism of action will help us in deciding who to treat with this agent.
干擾素在範例中的作用是什麼?
干擾素當然是我們在PV中使用多年的優秀療法; 它的作用機制仍然有點不清楚; [具體而言,我們不知道]它是否可能靶向MPN幹細胞。
PROUD-PV及其繼續研究確實以抽象格式顯示了一些有趣的數據。隨著時間的推移,隨著時間的推移,CHRs在第2年和第3年增加,並且JAK2的負擔可能在分子水平上有所降低。然而,我們從美國的研究中了解到,例如MPD-RC112研究,他們看起來幾乎相同,並且沒有改善,也許接受聚乙二醇化干擾素的患者的不良事件增加。但是,我確實認為這是一種可以為患者考慮的療法,更好地了解其作用機制將有助於我們決定用這種藥物治療誰。
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會員:Alan Liu10136094 |
發表時間:2019/9/4 上午 10:26:04
第 7229 篇回應
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以下是 PMF 病患 Ida 於病友團體 ET & MF / CALR mutation patients support group 分享藥華藥新一代干擾素Besremi一個月治療心得,翻譯如下供各位投資先進們參考,謝謝。
Ida Idic 9月1日下午3:48
Hi everyone :) I was there in wednesday at my hematologist. After 4 weeks with Besremi is platelet 759 000 .... two months ago would 880 000....no big difference. ..orther values is better....Symptoms MPN have improved and I have no side effect. Hi, 大家好, 我於週三見到我的血液科醫生,四周的療程我的血小板數字由兩個月前的880000降到759000,並無太大差異,其他數字有改善。骨髓增生性腫瘤症狀改善且沒副作用。
Angie Zhu interferon djeluje polako. daj mu vremena Angie :干擾素正在產生作用,給它一些時間。
Ida Idic Angie Zhu Znam ☺ moj Dr. kaze isto Ida:我知道,醫生也是這麼跟我說的。
Jo Figeys It may take a while before the interferon does what it needs to do. JO:干擾素需要一些時間發生效用
Jo Figeys You continue with the Besremi? JO:你還持續使用藥華藥新一代干擾素Besremi?
Ida Idic Jo Figeys Yes, but dose is high. ...75 mcg two weeks ...after that 100 mcg every 2 weeks Ida:是的,但劑量很高,前兩週是75 mcg,現在,現在是每兩週100 mcg。
Vandana Mishra Ida Idic u r taking besremi for ET?? Vandana Mishra: Ida, 您是ET 病患嗎?
Ida Idic Vandana Mishra I have PMF Ida:Mishra, 我是原發性骨髓纖維化(PMF) 病患
Vandana Mishra #idaidic Ohh God bless u Vandana Mishra:祝您好運
Vandana Mishra #idaidic Can ET patient also take besremi ?any idea?? 請問ET病患能否使用藥華藥新一代干擾素Besremi嗎? 有沒有任何建議?
Jo Figeys Vandana Mishra yes! Vandana Mishra, 可以
Calr Typetwo Besremi is currently not yet available for ET or PMF. Please understand that Ida I. is a patient from Prof Gisslinger, he was the lead of the Besremi trial in Austria. It is normal she could get acces to the drug for her PMF through her MPN Expert. Other patients need some patience. It will become available one day, but every drug need to go through several authorisation cycles. 目前藥華藥新一代干擾素 Besremi 尚未被核准用於 ET 或 PMF。因為Ida 是 Gisslinger 教授的病患,而他是奧地利Besremi 臨床試驗的主導者,所以可以透過他的協助取得Besremi 治療PMF。其他病患還需要一些耐心。它將在未來某一天會上市,但每種藥物都需要經過相關的授權上市程序。
Vandana Mishra #calrtypetwo I m just eager to know that if besremi is yet under trial then why pegasys is going to be out of market.how pegasys dependent patient will manage without it!! calrtypetwo, 我只是想了解為何藥華藥新一代干擾素 Besremi 仍在臨床的情況下, 羅氏干擾素要退出市場, 這樣依賴羅氏干擾素進行治療的病患該怎麼辦?
Vandana Mishra I have read abt many patients that they managed to get completely cured from pegasys.so i m planning to import it from other country..n now i m hearing that it will be discontinue from market.. I m quite worried abt this. 我過去看到很多病患因為使用羅氏pegasys而完全治癒。所以我打算從其他國家進口,聽到羅氏pegasys將停產,我很擔心。
Calr Typetwo Vandana Mishra : Pegasys was never a cure : I am also using Pegasys, but I am still sick. My blood counts are good, but Pegasys can not take away the disease. Pegasys will stay available for some time, but you need to understand that Pegasys was not a drug created for MPN, it was for hepatitis patients. There is now a better drug for hepatitis ( not from Roche ), so Roche will one day decide to stop producing it, also because there is now a newer form of pegylated interferon, which is Besremi, and it is also not from Roche. Vandana:羅氏干擾素Pegasys 從來都沒有“治癒”,我也是使用羅氏Pegasys的病患,但我仍然生病中。我的血液數量控制得很好,但羅氏干擾素Pegasys 無法治癒。羅氏干擾素Pegasys近期仍會在市場上一段時間,但您需要了解羅氏干擾素Pegasys 當時不是創造用來治療骨髓增生性腫瘤(MPNs)的用藥,主要是針對肝炎的感染疾病。現在有更好的肝炎用藥(不是來自羅氏),加上藥華藥新一代干擾素Besremi也不是羅氏所研發,所以羅氏干擾素有一天會停產。
Ida Idic Calr Typetwo Many patient has receiced Besremi - doctor say that ...but I do not know with which diagnosis. Calr Typetwo,醫生跟我說許多病患都接受藥華藥新一代干擾素Besremi進行治療, 但我不知道是甚麼適應症.
Ida Idic Calr Typetwo Besremi comes from AOP ORPHAN Pharmaceuticals Vienna Calr Typetwo,藥華藥新一代干擾素Besremi是從奧地利維也納的AOP 製藥公司所生產。 |
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www.onclive.com/onclive-tv/dr-snyder-on-mainstays-of-treatment-in-polycythemia-vera/
Dr. Snyder on Mainstays of Treatment in Polycythemia Vera
Snyder博士對真性紅細胞增多症的治療支持
David S. Snyder, MD Published: Tuesday, Aug 13, 2019
David S. Snyder, MD, associate chair and professor, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, and hematologist/oncologist, City of Hope, discusses mainstays of treatment in polycythemia vera (PV).
There have not been many updates to the treatment paradigm of PV in recent years, says Snyder. Low-dose aspirin and phlebotomy have been the mainstays of treatment for a while. There are robust data that illustrate the importance of using low-dose aspirin and recommending phlebotomy to maintain hematocrit below 45% for men and 42% for women.
For high-risk patients who are in need of additional cytoreductive therapy, hydroxyurea has been the gold standard, adds Snyder. Interferon can also be considered for select patients—especially pegylated interferon, which is better tolerated. Another formulation called ropeginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron) has also been shown to be of benefit. The therapy is longer-acting than prior formulations, but it is not yet approved for use in the United States. However, a randomized clinical trial comparing ropeginterferon with hydroxyurea has shown an advantage in the agent’s ability to reduce of JAK burden, enabling symptom control.
David S. Snyder,醫學博士,血液學和造血細胞移植系副主席兼教授,以及希望之城的血液學家/腫瘤學家,討論了真性紅細胞增多症(PV)的主要治療方法。
斯奈德說,近年來PV的治療範式並沒有太多的更新。低劑量阿司匹林和靜脈切開術一直是治療的主要方法。有強有力的數據說明了使用低劑量阿司匹林的重要性,並建議靜脈切開術使男性血細胞比容低於45%,女性高於42%。
Snyder補充說,對於需要額外細胞減滅療法的高風險患者,羥基脲已成為金標準。干擾素也可以考慮用於選擇的患者 - 尤其是聚乙二醇化干擾素,其耐受性更好。另一種名為ropeginterferon alfa-2b(PEG-Intron)的配方也被證明是有益的。該療法比現有製劑具有更長的作用,但尚未批准在美國使用。然而,一項比較繩索干擾素與羥基脲的隨機臨床試驗表明該藥物能夠減少JAK負荷,從而能夠控制症狀。
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www.jrcd.eu/index.php/crcd/article/view/363/291
(以下使用g00gle翻譯,有不精確之處,請參照原文)。
Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases 2019; 4 (2): 34–36.www.jrcd.eu
Current views on the use of interferons in the treatment of polycythaemia vera
目前關於使用乾擾素治療紅細胞增多症的觀點
Anna Prochwicz, Elżbieta Szczepanek, Dorota Krochmalczyk
Department of Haematology, The University Hospital in Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
波蘭克拉科夫大學醫院血液科; Jagiellonian大學醫學院,克拉科夫,波蘭
Abstract
摘要
Interferon alpha is a molecule associated with stimulation of immune system cells, resulting in an anti‑proliferative and immunomodulatory effect. It has been demonstrated that interferon reduces the number of platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes in patients suffering from chronic myeloproliferative diseases. In this paper, we present an overview of selected research evaluating the efficacy and adverse effects of various recombinant interferons used in the treatment of polycythaemia vera. We have analysed previously reported studies on the use of interferon. Interferon alfa‑2a was the first interferon approved for standard treatment of polycythaemia vera, while the next was pegylated interferon alfa‑2a. We also present recent results from studies on a newly modified molecule, ropeginterferon, a mono‑pegylated form of interferon alfa‑2b. Interferons reduce the number of phlebotomies required in patients with polycythaemia vera,accompanied by a resolution of typical disease symptoms. Treatment is well tolerated by the majority of patients. JRCD 2019; 4 (2): 34–36
干擾素α是與免疫系統細胞的刺激相關的分子,導致抗增殖和免疫調節作用。已經證明干擾素減少了患有慢性骨髓增生性疾病的患者中血小板,白細胞和紅細胞的數量。在本文中,我們概述了評估療效和不良反應的選定研究各種重組干擾素用於治療紅細胞增多症的作用。我們已經分析了先前報導的關於乾擾素使用的研究。干擾素α-2a是第一個批准用於標準治療紅細胞增多症的干擾素,而下一個是聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a。我們還介紹了最近對新修飾分子,ropeginterferon,單聚乙二醇化形式的干擾素α-2b的研究結果。干擾素減少了患有紅細胞增多症的患者所需的靜脈切開術的數量,同時解決了典型的疾病症狀。大多數患者對治療有良好的耐受性。 JRCD 2019; 4(2):34-36
Background
背景
Sixty years ago, interferon was discovered as a cytokine which inhibited viral replication . After 30 years, clinical trials were initiated on its use in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders.The action of interferon alpha is associated with stimulation of immune system cells, resulting in an antiproliferative and anti‑angiogenic effect . In the 1980’s, interferon was shown to be effective in reducing platelet counts in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. . Subsequent studies have shown a reduction in the number of phlebotomies needed in patients with polycythaemia vera along with a resolution of other disease symptoms such as pruritus, normalisation of leukocyte count and spleen size。
六十年前,人們發現干擾素是一種抑制病毒複製的細胞因子。 30年後,開始進行臨床試驗,用於治療骨髓增生性疾病。干擾素α的作用與免疫系統細胞的刺激相關,導致抗增殖和抗血管生成作用。在20世紀80年代,干擾素被證明是有效減少骨髓增生性腫瘤患者的血小板計數。 。隨後的研究表明,患有紅細胞增多症的患者所需的靜脈切開術數量有所減少維拉以及其他疾病症狀的解決方案,如瘙癢,白細胞計數正常化和脾臟大小。
Polycythaemia vera (PV) is a Ph‑negative myeloproliferative neoplasm and its incidence is 2–3 cases per 100 000 persons . In the pathogenesis of PV, a key role is played by the activation of signal transduction pathways dependent on tyrosine kinases, especially the JAK‑STAT pathway. The V617F mutation in the JAK2 tyrosine kinase gene appears in nearly 100% of PV cases, leading to constitutive tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, which induces cytokine cytokine hypersensitivity. This pathway transmits extracellular chemical signals to the cell nucleus, where it initiates the transcription of specific genes. This results in an increased production of erythrocytes, sometimes accompanied by increased production of leukocytes and platelets .
Polycythaemia vera(PV)是一種Ph陰性的骨髓增生性腫瘤,其發病率為每10萬人2-3例。在PV的發病機制中,通過激活來發揮關鍵作用信號轉導途徑依賴於酪氨酸激酶,尤其是JAK-STAT途徑。 JAK2酪氨酸激酶基因中的V617F突變出現在近100%的PV病例中,導致組成型酪氨酸激酶磷酸化,誘導細胞因子細胞因子超敏反應。該途徑將細胞外化學信號傳遞到細胞核,在那裡它啟動轉錄特定基因。這導致紅細胞的產生增加,有時伴隨著白細胞和血小板的產生增加。
Major functions of interferon alpha include exerting a strong influence on JAK signal transducers and activating the STAT signal pathway. Interferon alpha binds to type I interferon receptors (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2c), which upon dimerisation, activate tyrosine kinases. This leads to autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of the receptors. The phosphorylated INFAR receptors then bind to STAT1 and STAT2 (signal transducers and activators of transcription), which dimerise and activate multiple immunomodulatory and antiviral proteins .
干擾素α的主要功能包括對JAK信號轉導物施加強烈影響並激活STAT信號通路。干擾素α與I型乾擾素受體結合(IFNAR1和IFNAR2c),其在二聚化後激活酪氨酸激酶。這導致受體的自磷酸化和磷酸化。然後是磷酸化的INFAR受體結合STAT1和STAT2(信號轉導和轉錄激活因子),二聚化並激活多種免疫調節和抗病毒蛋白。
As molecular tests have become available in clinical practice, researchers began to evaluate the effect of treatment on the suppression of the malignant clone. In 2006, the first studies on molecularremission were published involving JAK2‑positive polycythaemia vera patients treated with interferon‑alfa 2a . There have been reports of long‑lasting remissions which persist even after interferondiscontinuation In this paper, we present an overview of selected research evaluating the efficacy and adverse effects of various recombinant interferons used in the treatment of polycythaemia vera.
隨著分子檢測在臨床實踐中的應用,研究人員開始評估治療對抑制惡性克隆的影響。 2006年,首次研究分子發表了涉及用乾擾素-α2a治療的JAK2陽性的聚合血症患者的緩解。有報導稱即使在干擾素治療後,持續存在長期緩解停止在本文中,我們概述了選定的研究評估各種重組干擾素用於治療紅細胞增多症的療效和不良反應。
Interferon alfa‑2a
干擾素α-2a
Interferon alfa‑2a was the first interferon approved for the standard treatment of polycythaemia vera. In 1998, Professor Foa and co‑authors published a report on the long‑term efficacy and safety profile of recombinant interferon alfa‑2a. Thirty‑eight patients with polycythaemia vera participated in the study. From this group, 28.9% of patients achieved complete remission (CR), defined as maintaining a correct haematocrit without phlebotomy. Partial remission (PR) was obtained in 21% of the patients, which was described as a reduction in frequency of phlebotomy by 50%. In patients who achieved response, leukocyte and platelet counts normalised. Spleen size also returned to normal.Interferon alfa‑2a also led to resolution of pruritis in all cases in which it was present at the beginning of the disease. Toxicity analysis showed a flu‑like syndrome occurring in 23.6% of patients, while severe weakness was observed in 13.1% of cases. Among patients treated only with interferon, there was no progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). One patient who was previously treated with an alkylating agent developed AML .
干擾素α-2a是第一個被批准用於標準治療紅細胞增多症的干擾素。1998年,Foa教授及其合著者發表了一篇關於重組干擾素α-2a的長期療效和安全性的報告。 38名患有紅細胞增多症的患者參加了在研究中。從該組中,28.9%的患者達到完全緩解(CR),定義為維持正確的血細胞比容而無需靜脈切開術。部分緩解(PR)獲得21%的部分緩解患者,被描述為靜脈切開術頻率降低50%。在達到反應的患者中,白細胞和血小板計數正常化。脾臟大小也恢復正常。干擾素α-2a也導致在疾病開始時存在的所有病例中解決瘙癢症。毒性分析顯示,23.6%的患者出現流感樣綜合徵,而13.1%的患者出現嚴重無力。在僅用乾擾素治療的患者中,沒有發展為急性髓性白血病(AML)。一名先前接受過烷化劑治療的患者發生了AML。
Silver et al. presented results from a long‑term observation of polycythaemia vera patients treated with interferon alfa‑2a (median 13 years). All patients required less frequent phlebotomy, with 96% of patients not requiring phlebotomy at all. In addition, the number of platelets and the size of the spleen were reduced. Thromboembolic complications were not observed and toxicity was acceptable .
Silver等人。結果顯示長期觀察干擾素α-2a治療的紅細胞增多症患者(中位數13年)。所有患者需要較少的靜脈切開術,96%的患者根本不需要靜脈切開術。此外,血小板數量和脾臟大小減少。未觀察到血栓栓塞並發症,毒性可接受。
The most common adverse effect was a flu‑like syndrome, which occurred in a significant number of patients. Symptoms included fever, chills, joint and bone pain, headache, and weakness. These side effects were managed by paracetamol or by initiating treatment with lower doses of interferon Moreover, severity of these side effects decreases during the first few weeks of treatment. The treatment was usually discontinued due to severe fatigue and bone and muscle pain. Additionally, interferon can have a negative influence on mental condition. Cases of depression have been observed,which is why administration of interferon is contraindicated in patients with previously diagnosed depression. Another important issue is the effect of interferon on the immune system. As a result of the immunomodulatory effect of interferon, autoimmune disorders may develop during therapy, with Hashimoto’s disease being the most common. Haemolytic anaemia, mixed connective tissue disease, and polyarthritis are much less common
最常見的不良反應是流感樣綜合徵,其發生在大量患者中。症狀包括發燒,發冷,關節和骨痛,頭痛和虛弱。這些通過對乙酰氨基酚或通過用較低劑量的干擾素開始治療來控制副作用。此外,在治療的最初幾週期間,這些副作用的嚴重性降低。由於嚴重疲勞和骨骼和肌肉疼痛,治療通常停止。另外,干擾素會對精神狀態產生負面影響。觀察到抑鬱症,這就是為什麼先前診斷為抑鬱症的患者禁用乾擾素的原因。另一個重要問題是乾擾素對免疫系統的影響。結果是對於乾擾素的免疫調節作用,在治療期間可能發生自身免疫性疾病,其中橋本氏病是最常見的。溶血性貧血,混合結締組織疾病和多關節炎不太常見
Pegylated interferon alfa‑2a 聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a
Interferon alfa‑2a showed significant toxicity, which often resulted in discontinuation of treatment. Because a less toxic form of interferon was needed, work on its pegylated form was initiated. Clinical trials were conducted using pegylated interferon alfa‑2a in patients with Ph‑negative myeloproliferative disorders. This more advanced variant of interferon was effective in inducing haematologic remission and reducing the level of JAK2 V617F‑positive cells The pegylated form of interferon alfa‑2a introduced for treatment is characterised by a prolonged half‑life, lower toxicity, and greater stability and solubility. Therefore, it can be administered over longer time intervals. The effectiveness of the pegylated form of interferon is similar to the non‑pegylated form . Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon alfa‑2a. One of them was a phase 2 multi‑center study which included 40 patients with polycythaemia vera. After 12 months of treatment, 8% of patients discontinued therapy, while all others achieved a haematological response, of which 94.6% achieved complete remission. A total molecular response was obtained in 7 patients lasting from 6 to 18 months.
干擾素α-2a顯示出顯著的毒性,這通常導致停止治療。由於需要毒性較小的干擾素,因此開始以聚乙二醇化形式進行研究。在患有Ph陰性骨髓增生性疾病的患者中使用聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a進行臨床試驗。這種更先進的干擾素變異劑可有效誘導血液學緩解並降低JAK2 V617F陽性細胞水平引入用於治療的聚乙二醇化形式的干擾素α-2a的特徵在於延長的半衰期,較低的毒性和較高的穩定性和溶解性。因此,它可以管理在更長的時間間隔。聚乙二醇化形式的干擾素的有效性類似於非聚乙二醇化形式。已經進行了幾項研究來評估聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a的功效和安全性。其中一項是2期多中心研究,其中包括40名患有紅細胞增多症的患者。治療12個月後,8%的患者停藥治療,而所有其他人都達到了血液學反應,其中94.6%完全緩解。在7個持續6至18個月的患者中獲得總分子反應。
In addition, none of the patients experienced a thromboembolic episode .In another phase 2 study, patients with polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythemia were evaluated. Haematological responses were found in 80% of PV patients, including total remission in 70% of patients. A molecular response was obtained in 54% of patients, and from this group, JAK2 V617F was undetectable in 14%. High patient tolerance to pegylated interferon alfa‑2a at a dose of 90 μg/week was demonstrated. While assessing the haematological response, haematocrit normalisation, platelet count, spleen size reduction, and leukocyte count normalisation were all taken into account. In the group of patients in which JAK2 V617F mutation had become undetectable, none experienced a molecular relapse in the 2‑year observation period. The toxicity of treatment was low.Only 10% of patients had side effects, mainly after administration of higher doses (180–450 μg/week) in the initial phase of the study. The most common adverse effect was neutropenia. In addition, elevated liver function tests and weakness were observed
此外,沒有患者出現血栓栓塞事件。在另一項2期研究中,評估了患有紅細胞增多症和原發性血小板增多症的患者。在80%的PV患者中發現了血液學反應,包括完全緩解在70%的患者中。在54%的患者中獲得了分子反應,並且從該組中,JAK2 V617F在14%中檢測不到。患者對聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a的劑量耐受性高證實了90μg/週。在評估血液學反應時,血細胞比容正常化,血小板計數,脾臟大小減少和白細胞計數正常化都被考慮在內。在JAK2 V617F突變無法檢測到的患者組中,在2年觀察期內沒有人經歷過分子復發。治療毒性很低。只有10%的患者有副作用,主要是在研究的初始階段服用較高劑量(180-450μg/週)後。最常見的不良反應是中性粒細胞減少症。另外,提升了觀察肝功能檢查和虛弱
Mono‑pegylated interferon alfa‑2b (ropeginterferon)
單聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2b (ropeginterferon)
A new mono‑pegylated form of interferon alfa is ropeginterferon alfa‑2b. Due to a minor change in structure, an isoform with a longer half‑life was obtained. This enabled the drug to be administered every two weeks, in contrast to less advanced forms, which needed to be administered several times per week. Results from phase 1 and 2 studies using ropeginterferon alfa‑2b in 51 polycythaemia vera patients after 1 year of treatment were published by Gisslinger et al. The dose was gradually increased until the optimal effective dose was determined. The effective dose varied between individual patients and ranged from 50 to 540 μg. None of the patients experienced dose‑limiting toxicities. The total response rate was 90%, of which 47% had a complete response and 43% had a partial response. A total molecular response was obtained in 21% of patients, while a partial molecular response was obtained in 47% of patients. It was shown that ropeginterferon is effective even at low doses and that the percentage of responses obtained and their duration did not differ from the group with higher doses .
一種新的單PEG化形式的干擾素α是ropeginterferon alfa-2b。由於結構的微小變化,獲得了具有更長半衰期的同種型。這使得藥物能夠被施用每兩週,與不太先進的形式相反,需要每週多次施用。 Gisslinger等人發表了使用ropeginterferon alfa-2b治療1年治療後51例紅細胞增多症患者的1期和2期研究結果。逐漸增加劑量直至確定最佳有效劑量。個體患者的有效劑量不同,範圍為50至540μg。沒有患者出現劑量限制性毒性。總反應率為90%,其中47%有完全反應,43%有部分反應。 21%的患者獲得了總分子反應,而47%的患者獲得了部分分子反應。結果表明,ropeginterferon甚至是有效的在低劑量下,所獲得的反應百分比和它們的持續時間與較高劑量的組沒有差異。
Results from the phase 3 study comparing the safety and efficacy of ropeginterferon and hydroxyurea (HU) were presented during the most recent European Haematology Association meeting. The groups were divided depending on their age: under 60 years of age and over 60 years of age, and observed for a period of 2 years. In the PROUD study, 254 patients with polycythaemia vera participated. They were randomised to two study arms: treatment with ropeginterferon or treatment with HU. After 12 months, 89.6% of patients in the ropeginterferon arm and 68.5% in the HU arm continued treatment in the CONTINUATION study. After 24 months, ropeginterferon resulted in a higher rate of haematological responses than HU in both age groups. For patients under 60 years of age,77.6% responded to ropeginterferon and 55.9% responded to HU. Similar results were obtained in the of patients over 60 years of age: 63% responded to ropeginterferon and 42% responded to HU. Assessment of molecular response showed higher response rates in the group of patients treated with ropeginterferon. A partial molecular response was observed in 78.1% of patients under 60 years of age and in 59.5% of patients over 60 years of age. For comparison, a partial molecular response in the group treated with HU was obtained in 33.3% of younger patients and in 25.0% of older patients.
在最近的歐洲血液學協會會議上介紹了比較繩索干擾素和羥基脲(HU)的安全性和有效性的第3階段研究的結果。根據年齡分組:60歲以下和60歲以上,並觀察2年。在PROUD研究中,254名患有紅細胞增多症的患者參加了研究。他們被隨機分配到兩個研究組:用ropeginterferon治療或用HU治療。 12個月後,繩索夾帶臂中89.6%的患者和HU臂中的68.5%繼續在CONTINUATION研究中的治療。 24個月後,在兩個年齡組中,ropeginterferon導致血液學反應率高於HU。對於60歲以下的患者,77.6%對ropeginterferon有反應,55.9%對HU有反應。在60歲以上的患者中獲得了類似的結果:63%對ropeginterferon有反應,42%對HU有反應。對於使用ropeginterferon治療的患者組,分子反應的評估顯示出更高的反應率。在60歲以下的患者中觀察到78.1%的部分分子反應年齡在60歲以上的患者中佔59.5%。為了比較,在33.3%的年輕患者和25.0%的老年患者中獲得了用HU治療的組中的部分分子反應。
Ropeginterferon was also effective in improving the general symptoms associated with myeloproliferative disease. The number of adverse reactions in patients treated with ropeginterferon and hydroxyurea was comparable. The rate of adverse drug reaction in elderly patients treated with ropeginterferon was lower. These recent observations allow us to consider ropeginterferon as an effective drug which is safe for all patients with PV, regardless of age .
Ropeginterferon在改善與骨髓增生性疾病相關的一般症狀方面也有效。用ropeginterferon和hydroxyurea治療的患者的不良反應數量相當。用ropeginterferon治療的老年患者的藥物不良反應發生率較低。這些最近的觀察結果使我們可以將ropeginterferon視為一種有效的藥物,對所有PV患者都是安全的,無論年齡大小。
Conclusions
結論
Many previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of interferons. Non‑pegylated forms are widely used in everyday clinical practice but they also have a problematic toxicity profile. Pegylated forms of interferon are better tolerated by patients and produce less adverse effects. Currently, much interest surrounds the mono‑pegylated form of interferon alfa‑2b, ropeginterferon, which can be administered subcutaneously less frequently (once every 2–4 weeks). Ropeginterferon possesses an acceptable toxicity profile, high efficacy, and the ability to achieve suppression of clonal haematopoiesis. All of these should lead to its wider use in haematology.
許多先前的研究已經證明了乾擾素的功效。非聚乙二醇化形式廣泛用於日常臨床實踐中,但它們也具有有問題的毒性特徵。聚乙二醇化患者對乾擾素的耐受性更好,產生的副作用更小。目前,對聚乙二醇化形式的干擾素α-2b,繩狀干擾素的興趣很大,其可以較不頻繁地皮下施用(每2-4週一次)。 Ropeginterferon具有可接受的毒性特徵,高效率和實現克隆造血抑制的能力。所有這些都應該導致其在血液學中的廣泛應用。
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journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2040620719870052?fbclid=IwAR0P4iXxx3ya1D80GXdlCC1JUHNHy0eiGrfLceAZXwu1b0XSddTZyXTMIyU&
(以下翻譯,係由g00gle直接翻譯,表格亦欠缺,請網友直接參照原文)
Updates in the management of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia
真性紅細胞增多症和原發性血小板增多症的治療更新
Prithviraj Bose、 Srdan Verstovsek
Therapeutic Advances in Hematology 、 First Published August 30, 2019
Abstract 摘要
Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are both classic, relatively indolent, chronic Philadelphia-chromosome-negative (Ph−) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) characterized by elevated blood counts, thrombotic as well as hemorrhagic tendencies, a variety of symptoms, cumulative risks of progression to myelofibrosis and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia over time, and long survival. Molecularly, PV is more homogenous, being driven by JAK2 mutations in virtually all cases, while ET can be JAK2-, CALR-, or MPL-mutated, as well as ‘triple negative’. Recent targeted next-generation sequencing efforts have identified other, nondriver gene mutations, some with prognostic relevance.
真性紅細胞增多症(PV)和原發性血小板增多症(ET)都是典型的,相對惰性,慢性費城 - 染色體陰性(Ph-)骨髓增生性腫瘤(MPNs),其特徵是血細胞計數升高,血栓形成以及出血傾向,各種症狀,隨著時間的推移,進展為骨髓纖維化和轉變為急性髓性白血病的累積風險,以及長期存活率。在分子學上,PV更均勻,幾乎在所有情況下都由JAK2突變驅動,而ET可以是JAK2-,CALR-或MPL-突變,以及“三重陰性”。最近有針對性的下一代測序工作確定了其他非驅蟲基因突變,其中一些具有預後相關性。
Prevention of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications continues to be the major focus of management, although symptoms are increasingly being recognized as a relatively unmet need, particularly in ET. Thrombotic risk stratification in PV is still based on age and history of thrombosis, while in ET, the additional contribution of JAK2 V617F to thrombotic risk is now well established. The associations of leukocytosis with clotting risk (in both conditions) and mortality (in PV) have drawn increased attention with the availability of ruxolitinib as a second-line treatment in PV. Similarly, there is a renewed interest in interferons with the emergence of ropeginterferon alfa-2b as a potential new frontline treatment option in PV. Drug development is more difficult in ET, the most indolent of the classic Ph− MPNs, but ruxolitinib is being studied. Triggering apoptosis via the p53 pathway through pharmacologic inhibition of human double minute 2 (and synergism with interferon) is a new, promising therapeutic strategy.
預防血栓性和出血性並發症仍然是管理的主要焦點,儘管症狀越來越多地被認為是相對未滿足的需求,特別是在ET中。 PV中的血栓形成危險分層仍然基於年齡和血栓形成史,而在ET中,JAK2 V617F對血栓形成風險的額外貢獻現已得到很好的證實。白細胞增多與凝血風險(在兩種情況下)和死亡率(在PV中)的關聯已引起越來越多的關注,ruxolitinib作為PV中的二線治療的可用性。同樣,人們對乾擾素有了新的興趣,因為出現了繩索乾燥素α-2b作為PV中潛在的新的一線治療方案。在ET中,藥物開發更加困難,這是經典Ph-MPN中最無助的,但ruxolitinib正在研究中。通過p53途徑通過人類雙分鐘2的藥理學抑制(和與乾擾素的協同作用)觸發細胞凋亡是一種新的,有希望的治療策略。
Introduction
介紹
Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), while morphologically distinct, are both relatively indolent, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) characterized by prolonged survival and substantial risks of thrombosis and bleeding. The prevalence of PV and ET has been estimated to be 44–57 and 38–57 per 100,000 of the United States (US) population, respectively.1 Morphologically, PV is characterized by pancytosis, panmyelosis and pleiomorphic megakaryocytes, while ET is characterized by thrombocytosis and increased numbers of enlarged, mature megakaryocytes with hyperlobulated nuclei;2 however, with the advent of the new, lower hemoglobin and hematocrit thresholds for diagnosing PV in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, there could be some conflation of PV, a virtually exclusively Janus kinase (JAK) 2-driven disease, and JAK2-mutated ET. The driver mutation spectrum of ET is more diverse, with approximately similar proportions of patients carrying activating mutations/indels in JAK2, MPL (the gene encoding the thrombopoietin receptor) and calreticulin (CALR) as in primary myelofibrosis (PMF), with the rest having so-called ‘triple negative’ disease.
真性紅細胞增多症(PV)和原發性血小板增多症(ET)雖然形態上不同,但都是相對惰性的慢性骨髓增生性腫瘤(MPN),其特徵在於存活期延長和血栓形成和出血的實質風險。 PV和ET的患病率估計分別為每10萬美國人口44-57和38-57。1形態學上,PV的特徵是泛細胞病,骨髓炎和多形性巨核細胞,而ET的特徵是血小板增多和數量增加的成熟巨核細胞伴有超球狀核; 2然而,隨著2016年世界衛生組織(WHO)分類中診斷PV的新的低血紅蛋白和血細胞比容閾值的出現,PV可能存在一些混淆,幾乎完全是Janus激酶(JAK)2驅動的疾病,以及JAK2突變的ET。 ET的驅動突變譜更加多樣化,在原發性骨髓纖維化(PMF)中JAK2,MPL(編碼血小板生成素受體的基因)和鈣網蛋白(CALR)攜帶活化突變/插入缺失的患者比例大致相似,其餘患者所謂的“三重消極”疾病。
Survival in ET is superior to that in PV and may be no different than that of the age- and sex-matched healthy population.3 While both conditions can progress to myelofibrosis (MF) and transform to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), these rates are, in general, low and lower for ET than for PV.4 Recent efforts to genomically classify the Philadelphia-chromosome-negative (Ph−) MPN have considered both PV and ET together as ‘chronic-phase’ MPNs.5 In the absence of agents proven to modify the natural history of these diseases and prevent progression to advanced phases, management of both conditions has primarily focused on minimizing the risks of thrombosis and hemorrhage.6
ET的存活率優於PV,並且可能與年齡和性別匹配的健康人群沒有差異.3雖然這兩種情況都可以發展為骨髓纖維化(MF)並轉變為急性髓性白血病(AML),對於ET而言,一般來說,低於和低於PV .4最近對費城染色體陰性(Ph-)MPN進行基因組分類的努力將PV和ET一起視為“慢性期”MPN.5。經證實可以改變這些疾病的自然病史並阻止其進展至晚期階段,這兩種疾病的治療主要集中在盡量減少血栓形成和出血的風險。
Updates in diagnosis of PV
更新PV的診斷
Major changes to the diagnostic criteria for PV were made in the 2016 revision to the WHO classification of MPNs and AML.2 The hemoglobin and hematocrit thresholds for diagnosis were lowered to 16.5 g/dl/49% and 16 g/dl/48% for men and women, respectively, and bone marrow biopsy was made mandatory for diagnosis (except in cases fulfilling the 2008 WHO criteria of hemoglobin >18.5 g/dl in men and >16.5 g/dl in women, presence of a JAK2 mutation and a subnormal erythropoietin level). The main rationale behind these changes was the recognition that individuals with so-called ‘masked PV’ have inferior outcomes,7,8 possibly due to missed or delayed diagnoses and thereby, a lower intensity of treatment.9 Given the new lower cutoffs for hemoglobin/hematocrit, bone marrow biopsy may also be helpful to distinguish between PV and JAK2-mutated ET.10 Finally, bone marrow biopsy continues to be recommended, even in patients fulfilling the 2008 WHO criteria, to enable assessment of the presence of fibrosis at diagnosis of PV, as this has been shown to predict a more rapid progression to post-PV MF.2
在2016年修訂的WHO MPNs和AML分類中對PV的診斷標准進行了重大改變.2診斷的血紅蛋白和血細胞比容閾值降至16.5 g / dl / 49%和16 g / dl / 48%男性和女性分別和骨髓活檢被強制診斷(除了符合2008年世衛組織男性血紅蛋白> 18.5 g / dl和女性> 16.5 g / dl,存在JAK2突變和低於正常水平的病例促紅細胞生成素水平)。這些變化背後的主要原因是認識到具有所謂“掩蓋PV”的個體具有較差的結果,7,8可能是由於錯過或延遲診斷,因此治療強度較低.9鑑於血紅蛋白新的較低截止值/血細胞比容,骨髓活檢也可能有助於區分PV和JAK2突變的ET.10最後,即使在符合2008 WHO標準的患者中,仍然建議進行骨髓活檢,以便在診斷時評估纖維化的存在PV已經被證明可以預測PV後更快速的進展
Updates in prognostication
更新預測
In a multicenter study of 1545 patients with WHO 2008-defined PV, median survival for the entire cohort was projected at 18.9 years, with a trend towards worse survival than the age- and sex-matched US population (p = 0.104).11 However, when the analysis was restricted to the 337 patients with the most mature survival data (i.e. those seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA), the median survival was only 14.1 years. Older age, leukocytosis, venous thrombosis and abnormal karyotype emerged on multivariable analysis as factors adversely impacting survival in this study. A prognostic model incorporating the first three of the above prognostic factors was developed, allotting 5 points to age ⩾67 years, 2 points to age 57–66 years, and 1 point each to leukocytosis ⩾15 × 109/l and venous thrombosis, resulting in three well-demarcated risk groups: low risk (0 points, median survival 27.8 years), intermediate risk (1–2 points, median survival 18.9 years) and high risk (⩾3 points, median survival 10.9 years).
在一項針對世界衛生組織2008年定義的PV患者的1545名患者的多中心研究中,整個隊列的中位生存期預計為18.9歲,其存活率低於年齡和性別匹配的美國人群(p = 0.104).11但是當分析僅限於具有最成熟生存數據的337名患者(即在Mayo Clinic,Rochester,MN,USA觀察到的那些)時,中位生存期僅為14.1歲。在多變量分析中出現年齡較大,白細胞增多,靜脈血栓形成和異常核型,這是影響本研究生存的因素。建立了包含上述前三個預後因素的預後模型,分為5個年齡≥67歲,2個點至57-66歲,1個點為白細胞增多症⩾15×109 / l和靜脈血栓形成,結果在三個劃分界限的風險組中:低風險(0分,中位生存27.8年),中等風險(1-2分,中位生存18.9年)和高風險(⩾3分,中位生存10.9年)。
An Italian study of 435 consecutive patients with ET with 4304 person-years of follow up did not show an impact of the diagnosis on survival.3 A history of thrombosis and male sex were independent predictors of death. A more recent study from the Mayo Clinic found the median survival of patients with ET (n = 292) to be 19.8 years, inferior to that of the age- and sex-matched US population, but better than in patients with PV (13.5 years, n= 267) and unaffected by driver mutation status.12 That patients with prefibrotic PMF have an inferior prognosis compared with those with true ET is now well recognized, and underscores the need for careful pathologic distinction between these two entities.
一項意大利研究對435名連續患有ET的患者進行了4304個人年的隨訪,但沒有顯示診斷對生存的影響.3血栓形成史和男性性別是死亡的獨立預測因素。梅奧診所最近的一項研究發現,ET患者(n = 292)的中位生存期為19.8歲,低於年齡和性別匹配的美國人群,但優於PV患者(13.5歲)對於具有真實ET的患者,預纖維化PMF患者的預後較差,現已得到充分認識,並強調需要對這兩個實體進行仔細的病理學區分。
13 The International Prognostic Score for ET (IPSET), based on a study of 867 patients, incorporates age ⩾60 years (2 points), prior thrombosis history (1 point) and leukocyte count ⩾11 × 109/l (1 point) into a risk model that predicts survival in WHO-defined ET; median survival was not reached in low-risk patients (0 points, n = 342), 24.5 years in intermediate-risk patients (1–2 points, n = 374) and 14.7 years in high-risk patients (3–4 points, n = 151).14 In a very recent publication, researchers at the Mayo Clinic reported worse survival for patients with PV (median, 15 years) than those with ET (median, 18 years, p < 0.05), but similar leukemia-free survival (p = 0.22).15 Interestingly, in this large study (665 PV, 1076 ET, 1282 PMF), patients with ET diagnosed after 1990 fared worse in terms of overall survival (p < 0.001). The risk of progression to MF was higher in patients with PV than in those with ET (p < 0.001), probably a function of the higher JAK2 V617F allele burden in PV.5,16 Of note, young patients (⩽40 years) with both PV and ET have excellent outcomes (median survival 35 + years).17,18
基於對867名患者的研究,ET的國際預後評分(IPSET)包括年齡≥60歲(2分),血栓形成史(1分)和白細胞計數11×109 / l(1分)。預測世衛組織定義的ET存活率的風險模型;低風險患者(0分,n = 342)未達到中位生存期,中危患者為24.5歲(1-2分,n = 374),高危患者為14.7歲(3-4分, n = 151).14在最近的一份出版物中,梅奧診所的研究人員報告PV患者(中位數,15歲)的生存率低於ET患者(中位數,18歲,p <0.05),但類似的無白血病生存率(p = 0.22).15有趣的是,在這項大型研究中(665 PV,1076 ET,1282 PMF),1990年後確診的ET患者的總生存率更差(p <0.001)。 PV患者發生MF的風險高於ET患者(p <0.001),這可能是PV中JAK2 V617F等位基因負擔較高的一個因素[5,16]。值得注意的是,年輕患者(⩽40歲) PV和ET都有很好的結果(中位生存期35 +年).17,18
A targeted deep sequencing effort at the Mayo Clinic in 133 patients with PV and 183 with ET revealed one or more mutations/sequence variants in nondriver genes in 53% of patients in each cohort, the most frequent being TET2 and ASXL1,19 both genes commonly implicated in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential.20,21 The investigators identified mutations/variants in ASXL1, SRSF2 and IDH2 in PV and those in SH2B3, SF3B1, U2AF1, TP53, IDH2 and EZH2 in ET as ‘adverse’, based on age-adjusted multivariable analysis of the impact on overall, leukemia-free or MF-free survival.
在Mayo Clinic對133名PV患者和183名患有ET的患者進行了有針對性的深度測序,發現每個隊列中53%的患者中有一個或多個非起源基因的突變/序列變異,最常見的是TET2和ASXL1,19兩種基因通常研究人員根據年齡確定了PV中ASXL1,SRSF2和IDH2的突變/變異以及ET中的SH2B3,SF3B1,U2AF1,TP53,IDH2和EZH2中的突變/變異為“不利”的突變/變異。調整多變量分析對總體,無白血病或無MF生存的影響。
In both the PV and ET cohorts, the combined frequency of these ‘adverse’ mutations/variants was 15%, and their presence was associated with inferior survival in both PV (median, 7.7 versus 16.9 years) and ET (median, 9 versus 22 years), findings that were validated in 215 Italian patients with PV and 174 with ET.19 Building upon this work, they went on to incorporate mutational information into two new prognostic models, the Mutation-Enhanced International Prognostic Scoring Systems (MIPSS) for PV and for ET.22 These models were derived from the study of 906 molecularly annotated patients (404 PV and 502 ET) from the Mayo Clinic (n = 416) and the University of Florence (n = 490).
在PV和ET隊列中,這些“不良”突變/變異的組合頻率為15%,並且它們的存在與PV(中位數,7.7對16.9歲)和ET(中位數,9對22)的生存率相關。這些研究結果在215名意大利PV患者和174名ET患者中得到驗證。在這項工作的基礎上,他們繼續將突變信息納入兩個新的預後模型,即用於PV的突變增強型國際預後評分系統(MIPSS)這些模型來源於梅奧診所(n = 416)和佛羅倫薩大學(n = 490)的906名分子註釋患者(404 PV和502 ET)的研究。
Median follow-up duration was approximately 10 years for the Mayo Clinic patients and 12–13 years for the Italian patients. The following factors adversely impacting survival emerged on multivariable analysis performed on all patients: in PV, age >60 years (2 points), SRSF2 mutation (2 points) and leukocyte count ⩾11 × 109/l (1 point) and, in ET, age >60 years (4 points), male sex (1 point) and SRSF2/SF3B1 mutations (2 points). The resultant four-tiered MIPSS-PV and MIPSS-ET models stratified patients into low (median survival 25.3 years in PV and 33.2 years in ET), intermediate-1 (median survival 18 years in PV and 26.3 years in ET), intermediate-2 (median survival 10 years in PV and 14 years in ET) and high-risk (median survival 5.4 years in PV and 9.4 years in ET) categories.22 While interesting,
梅奧診所患者的中位隨訪時間約為10年,意大利患者為12-13歲。對所有患者進行的多變量分析均出現以下影響生存的因素:PV,年齡> 60歲(2分),SRSF2突變(2分)和白細胞計數≥11×109 / l(1分),ET ,年齡> 60歲(4分),男性(1分)和SRSF2 / SF3B1突變(2分)。由此產生的四層MIPSS-PV和MIPSS-ET模型將患者分層為低(PV的中位生存期為25.3歲,ET為33.2歲),中位數為1(PV的中位生存期為18年,ET為26.3歲), 2(PV的中位生存期為10年,ET為14年)和高風險(PV的中位生存期為5。4年,ET為9。4年).2雖然有趣,
these data do not inform management of patients with PV or ET at present, and multigene profiling of patients with PV and ET is not routine at most centers and remains largely a research tool. The vast majority of patients can expect a protracted, relatively indolent disease course with low lifetime risks of progression to MF or transformation to AML.
目前,這些數據並未告知PV或ET患者的管理,PV和ET患者的多基因分析在大多數中心並非常規,並且仍然主要是研究工具。絕大多數患者可以期待長期的,相對惰性的疾病病程,其具有進展至MF或轉化為AML的低終身風險。
Investigators from multiple European centers recently reported a comprehensive genomic analysis of 2035 patients with MPN, of whom 1321 had ET and 356 had PV. They sequenced the full coding regions of 69 genes, as well as annotated single nucleotide polymorphisms for copy number profiling and germline loci that have been associated with MPN. Overall, eight mutually exclusive genomic subgroups of MPN emerged from this effort: TP53-mutated cases, cases associated with mutations in 1 or more of 16 myeloid cancer-associated genes (mostly those encoding epigenetic modifiers and spliceosome components), CALR-mutated cases, MPL-mutated cases, a JAK2-homozygous group, a JAK2-heterozygous group, cases with mutations in genes such as TET2 or DNMT3A that are not disease-specific or in genes that are typically mutated in other myeloid malignancies (for example, KIT in systemic mastocytosis), and one with no identifiable driver mutations.
來自多個歐洲中心的研究人員最近報告了對2035名MPN患者的全面基因組分析,其中1321名患有ET,356名患有PV。他們對69個基因的完整編碼區進行了測序,以及與MPN相關的拷貝數分析和種系基因座的註釋單核苷酸多態性。總體而言,MPN的八個相互排斥的基因組亞組出現了這一努力:TP53突變病例,與16個骨髓癌相關基因(主要是那些編碼表觀遺傳修飾因子和剪接體成分)中的一個或多個突變相關的病例,CALR突變病例, MPL突變病例,JAK2純合子組,JAK2雜合子組,TET2或DNMT3A等基因突變的病例,不是疾病特異性的,或者是在其他骨髓惡性腫瘤中突變的基因(例如,KIT in系統性肥大細胞增多症,並且沒有可識別的驅動突變。
They developed a model for personalized prognosis (available at: cancer.sanger.ac.uk/mpn-multistage/) that outperformed conventional risk stratification models used for PMF, as well as the IPSET model for ET. 他們開發了一種個性化預後模型(可在以下網站獲得:cancer.sanger.ac.uk/mpn-multistage/),其表現優於用於PMF的常規風險分層模型,以及ET的IPSET模型。
Updates in risk stratification for thrombosis: a role for leukocytosis? 血栓形成危險分層的最新進展:白細胞增多的作用?
As alluded to above, the major focus of management of both PV and ET is on the prevention of thrombohemorrhagic events.6 In PV, age ⩾ 60 years and a history of thrombosis have been and continue to be the two main factors used to determine risk of thrombosis, which is higher than in ET, and patients with one or both of these attributes are classified as being ‘high risk’, while those with neither risk factor are considered ‘low risk’ and typically managed with phlebotomy and aspirin alone. The seminal Cytoreductive Therapy in Polycythemia Vera (CYTO-PV) study established <45% as the hematocrit goal for all patients with PV, although the therapeutic modalities used to achieve this were not specified.23 A subsequent multivariable,
如上所述,PV和ET管理的主要重點是預防血栓出血事件.6在PV中,年齡≥60歲和血栓形成史一直是並且仍然是用於確定風險的兩個主要因素血栓形成高於ET,具有這些屬性中的一個或兩個的患者被歸類為“高風險”,而沒有風險因素的患者被認為是“低風險”並且通常僅用靜脈切開術和阿司匹林治療。真性紅細胞增多症(CYTO-PV)研究中的開創性細胞減滅療法確定<45%作為所有PV患者的血細胞比容目標,儘管用於實現此目的的治療方式尚未確定.23隨後的多變量,
time-dependent subanalysis of the CYTO-PV data in which patients with thrombotic events were divided into approximate quartiles based on their leukocyte counts recorded at their last clinic visit before the thrombotic events occurred showed that the risk of thrombosis began to increase above a leukocyte count of 7 × 109/l, becoming statistically significant above 11 × 109/l.24 A very similar analysis of a cohort of 1565 patients with PV from US Veterans Affairs hospitals demonstrated that patients with leukocyte counts ⩾8.5–<11 × 109/l had a significantly increased risk of thrombotic events compared with those with leukocytes <7 × 109/l, with the hazard ratio highest for those with leukocyte counts ⩾11 × 109/l.25 Similar findings were also reported in a time-dependent analysis of the ECLAP (European Collaboration on Low-Dose Aspirin in Polycythemia Vera) study which found,
CYTO-PV數據的時間依賴性亞分析,其中血栓事件患者根據他們在血栓形成事件發生前最後一次就診時記錄的白細胞計數被分為近似四分位數,表明血栓形成的風險開始增加超過白細胞計數7×109 / l,在統計學上顯著高於11×109 / l.24對美國退伍軍人事務醫院1565名PV患者的非常相似的分析顯示,白細胞計數為⩾8.5-<11×109 / l與白細胞<7×109 / l相比,血栓形成事件的風險顯著增加,白細胞計數⩾11×109 / l的危險比最高。類似的研究結果也在時間依賴性分析中報導。 ECLAP(歐洲紅細胞增多症中低劑量阿司匹林合作)的研究發現,
after adjusting for potential confounding factors, that patients with leukocyte counts >15 × 109/l had a significantly higher risk of thrombosis compared with those with leukocyte counts <10 × 109/l.26 Consensus guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) in the US recognize progressive leukocytosis, along with new thrombosis or disease-related major bleeding, progressive disease-related symptoms, a frequent or persistent need for phlebotomy with poor tolerance of the same, symptomatic or progressive splenomegaly and symptomatic thrombocytosis as potential indications for initiation of cytoreductive therapy in ‘low-risk’ patients with PV.27
在調整潛在的混雜因素後,白細胞計數> 15×109 / l的患者血栓形成的風險顯著高於白細胞計數<10×109 / l的患者.26國家綜合癌症網絡(NCCN)的共識指南在美國,識別進行性白細胞增多症,以及新的血栓形成或疾病相關的大出血,進展性疾病相關症狀,頻繁或持續需要靜脈切開術,耐受性差,有症狀或進行性脾腫大和症狀性血小板增多症作為起始的潛在適應症PV低“風險”患者的細胞減滅治療
Thrombotic risk stratification in ET considers driver mutation status in addition to age and prior thrombosis history. Overall, four risk categories are recognized in the revised IPSET-thrombosis model (see Table 1): very low risk, comprising patients up to 60 years of age with no thrombosis history and wild type for JAK2, low risk, comprising those ⩽60 years and without a history of thrombosis but with JAK2 V617F, intermediate risk, consisting of individuals over 60 years with wild type JAK2 and no history of thrombosis, and high risk,
除了年齡和既往血栓形成史之外,ET中的血栓形成風險分層還考慮了駕駛員突變狀態。總體而言,修訂後的IPSET血栓形成模型中確認了四種風險類別(見表1):非常低的風險,包括60歲以下沒有血栓形成史的患者和JAK2的野生型,低風險,包括那些≥60歲並且沒有血栓形成但有JAK2 V617F史的中度風險,由60歲以上的野生型JAK2患者組成,沒有血栓形成史和高風險,
defined by either a history of thrombosis (any age) or age >60 years with JAK2 V617F.28 CALR-mutated patients with ET tend to be younger and have higher platelet counts, much lower thrombotic risk and lower hemoglobin levels and leukocyte counts than their JAK2-mutated counterparts,29 and CALR mutation status does not modify the above thrombotic risk stratification model for ET.30 Some data suggest that patients with ET and type 1/type 1-like CALR mutations may have a higher risk of progression to post-ET MF.31 Because of their very low risk of thrombosis, young patients with CALR-mutated ET and no prior history of thrombosis or cardiovascular risk factors may forego aspirin: in one study, the risk of bleeding due to aspirin outweighed any benefits in terms of thrombosis prevention.32 Twice-daily aspirin has been suggested as an alternative to cytoreductive therapy in patients at an intermediate risk, as well as in patients at a low risk with cardiovascular risk factors,28 but this is based only on preclinical data.33 Like in PV, leukocytosis, but not thrombocytosis, has been implicated as a risk factor for thrombosis in ET.
由血栓形成史(任何年齡)或年齡> 60歲的JAK2 V617F.28定義.CALR突變的ET患者往往更年輕,血小板計數更高,血栓形成風險更低,血紅蛋白水平和白細胞計數低於JAK2突變的對應物,29和CALR突變狀態不會改變ET的上述血栓危險分層模型.30一些數據表明ET和1型/ 1型CALR突變的患者可能具有更高的進展後風險。 ET MF.31由於血栓形成的風險非常低,年輕患有CALR突變的ET並且既往沒有血栓形成史或心血管危險因素的患者可能會放棄阿司匹林:在一項研究中,阿司匹林引起的出血風險超過了任何益處。預防血栓形成.32在中度風險患者以及心血管危險因素低風險患者中,已建議每日兩次服用阿司匹林作為細胞減滅治療的替代療法,28但這是僅基於臨床前數據.33與PV相似,白細胞增多,但不是血小板增多,已被認為是ET血栓形成的危險因素。
In an analysis of 776 JAK2-annotated patients from the PT-1 study, abnormal platelet counts during follow up (but not at diagnosis) were found to be significantly associated with an immediate risk of major hemorrhage but not thrombosis, whereas elevated leukocyte counts over time significantly correlated with both thrombosis and major bleeding.34 In another study of 891 patients with WHO-defined ET followed for a median of 6.2 years, leukocytosis (>11 × 109/l), along with age over 60 years, thrombosis history, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and of JAK2 V617F predicted for arterial thrombosis, while a platelet count >1000 × 109/l was associated with a lower risk of arterial thrombosis; however, leukocytosis did lose significance when the analysis was restricted to JAK2-mutated patients.35 NCCN guidelines endorse the consideration of cytoreductive therapy in patients at very low, low and intermediate risk with ET who have progressive leukocytosis, new thrombosis, acquired von Willebrand’s disease (aVWD), disease-related major bleeding, symptomatic or progressive splenomegaly, progressive disease-related symptoms, symptomatic thrombocytosis or vasomotor/microvascular disturbances not responsive to aspirin.27
在對來自PT-1研究的776名JAK2註釋患者的分析中,發現隨訪期間(但未診斷時)的血小板計數異常與大出血的直接風險顯著相關,但未發生血栓形成,而白細胞計數增加時間與血栓形成和大出血顯著相關.34在另一項對891例WHO定義的ET患者進行的研究中,中位數為6.2歲,白細胞增多(> 11×109 / l),隨著年齡超過60歲,血栓形成史,預測動脈血栓形成的心血管危險因素和JAK2 V617F的存在,而血小板計數> 1000×109 / l與動脈血栓形成的風險較低有關;然而,當分析限於JAK2突變患者時,白細胞增多確實失去意義.35 NCCN指南認可對具有進行性白細胞增多,新血栓形成,獲得性血管性血友病的ET的極低,中低風險患者的細胞減滅治療的考慮。 (aVWD),疾病相關的主要出血,症狀性或進行性脾腫大,進展性疾病相關症狀,症狀性血小板增多或血管舒縮/微血管紊亂對阿司匹林無反應.27
Updates in therapy
治療方面的最新進展
Cytoreductive therapy is indicated for all high-risk patients with both PV and ET and is usually recommended for intermediate-risk patients with ET. Situations that should prompt consideration of cytoreductive therapy in low-risk patients with PV and very-low-/low-risk patients with ET are detailed above. The platelet count reaching ⩾1500 × 109/l is an additional indication for cytoreductive therapy in ET with a goal to reduce bleeding, not clotting risk.6 Worldwide, hydroxyurea (HU) is the most widely used cytoreductive agent for patients with both PV and ET, based on the findings of the PT-1 randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 809 high-risk patients with ET, in which HU was superior to anagrelide in terms of rates of arterial thrombosis, serious hemorrhage and myelofibrotic progression.36 Low-dose aspirin is usually recommended,37 unless there is evidence of aVWD. Anagrelide was non-inferior to HU in the phase III ANAHYDRET trial (n = 259),
細胞減滅療法適用於PV和ET的所有高風險患者,通常推薦用於ET的中危患者。應在PV低風險患者和極低風險/低風險ET患者中促使考慮細胞減滅治療的情況如上所述。血小板計數達到⩾1500×109 / l是ET細胞減滅治療的另一個指標,目的是減少出血,而不是凝血風險.6在世界範圍內,羥基脲(HU)是PV和患者中使用最廣泛的細胞減滅劑。 ET,基於PT-1隨機對照試驗(RCT)在809名高危ET患者中的發現,其中HU在動脈血栓形成,嚴重出血和骨髓纖維化進展方面優於阿那格雷.36低 - 通常建議使用阿司匹林劑量,37除非有證據表明存在aVWD。在III期ANAHYDRET試驗中,阿那格雷不劣於HU(n = 259),
but aspirin use was not mandated in this trial and diagnosis of ET was per WHO 2008 criteria, important differences with the PT-1 trial.38 Although never proven, persistent doubts over the long-term leukemogenicity of HU has led experts to recommend consideration of interferon as an alternative in young patients with long life expectancy.6,27 Recombinant interferon alfa is also a reasonable therapeutic choice after HU failure in both PV and ET, as are ruxolitinib in PV and anagrelide in ET.6,27 A large, open-label RCT (n = 382) recently found no benefit to the addition of HU to aspirin in patients with ET 40–59 years of age who lacked any high-risk features, that is, a history of ischemia, thrombosis, embolism, hemorrhage or extreme thrombocytosis (platelets ⩾1500 × 109/l).39
但是在這項試驗中沒有強制使用阿司匹林,ET的診斷符合WHO 2008標準,與PT-1試驗的重要差異.38雖然從未證實,對HU的長期致白血性持續存在疑慮,導致專家建議考慮干擾素可作為預期壽命長的年輕患者的替代方案.6,27 PV和ET中HU失敗後,重組干擾素α也是一種合理的治療選擇,如PV中的ruxolitinib和ET中的阿那格雷.6,27大,開放-label RCT(n = 382)最近發現,對於缺乏任何高風險特徵的ET 40-59歲患者,即缺血,血栓形成,栓塞,出血史,對阿司匹林添加HU無益處或極端血小板增多症(血小板⩾1500×109 / l).39 Interferons 干擾素
Interferon alfa has been used successfully for the treatment of PV and ET for many years, with consistently high hematologic as well as molecular remission rates.40,41 Interferon alfa is able to clear not just JAK2- but also CALR-mutated clones,42 suggesting its potential as a true disease-modifying agent, although there is preclinical evidence that CALR-mutated ET may be less responsive to interferon alfa than JAK2-mutated disease.43 In general, response rates to interferon are lower in the presence of other, nondriver mutations, and these patients are more likely to exhibit clonal evolution during therapy.44 Although pegylation offers the convenience of once weekly administration and superior tolerability, discontinuation rates remain high, primarily driven by the unique toxicities of interferon therapy, including flu-like symptoms, depression, hepatotoxicity and autoimmune syndromes.45 As alluded to above, pegylated interferon alfa represents a reasonable alternative to HU for frontline therapy of both PV and ET in patients needing cytoreduction.
干擾素α已成功用於治療PV和ET多年,具有持續高的血液學和分子緩解率.40,41干擾素α不僅可以清除JAK2-而且還能清除CALR突變的克隆,42表明儘管有臨床前證據表明CALR突變的ET可能對乾擾素α的反應性低於JAK2突變的疾病,但它有潛力作為真正的疾病調節劑.43一般來說,干擾素的反應率在其他非驅動因素存在的情況下較低突變,這些患者更有可能在治療期間表現出克隆進化.44雖然聚乙二醇化提供了每週一次給藥的便利性和優異的耐受性,但停藥率仍然很高,主要是由於乾擾素治療的獨特毒性,包括流感樣症狀,抑鬱症,肝毒性和自身免疫綜合徵.45如上所述,聚乙二醇化干擾素α代表HU的合理替代品需要細胞減少術的患者PV和ET的線性治療。
Results of the final analysis of the Myeloproliferative Disorders Research Consortium (MPD-RC) 112 global phase III trial of pegylated interferon alfa-2a (n = 82) versus HU (n = 86) in previously untreated patients (HU for <3 months permitted) with high-risk PV or ET (defined according to the 2008 WHO criteria, disease duration <5 years) were recently presented.46 There were no significant differences between the treatment arms in terms of complete or overall response rates (ORRs) at 12 or 24 months. Interestingly, achievement of a complete hematologic response (CHR) was associated with worsening of some symptom and quality of life parameters.47 The toxicity profiles of the two agents were different, but toxicity was not a major reason for discontinuation in either arm. Bone marrow pathologic responses were more frequently observed in patients with ET, but there was no significant difference between the two treatment arms.46 The phase III DALIAH trial compared recombinant interferon alfa (-2a or -2b, n = 35) to HU (n = 21) in PV patients over 60 years of age.48 The CHR rate at 36 months was significantly higher in the interferon group (49% versus 19%, p = 0.045), but the rates of hematocrit control and molecular response (all partial) were not. Significantly higher proportions of patients in the interferon group maintained CHR (40% versus 7%, p = 0.048) and partial molecular response (91% versus 29%, p = 0.01) at 36 months.
骨髓增生性疾病研究聯盟(MPD-RC)112全球III期聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a(n = 82)與HU(n = 86)在以前未治療的患者中的最終分析結果(HU <3個月) )最近提出了高風險PV或ET(根據2008年WHO標準確定,疾病持續時間<5年).46治療組在完全或總體反應率(ORR)方面沒有顯著差異。或24個月。有趣的是,完成血液學反應(CHR)的實現與一些症狀和生活質量參數的惡化有關.47兩種藥物的毒性特徵不同,但毒性不是任何一組中止的主要原因。在ET患者中更常見骨髓病理反應,但兩個治療組之間沒有顯著差異.46 III期DALIAH試驗將重組干擾素α(-2a或-2b,n = 35)與HU(n)進行比較在60歲以上的PV患者中,46個月的CHR率顯著高於乾擾素組(49%對19%,p = 0.045),但血細胞比容控制率和分子反應率(均為局部) ) 不是。在36個月時,干擾素組中顯著更高比例的患者維持CHR(40%對7%,p = 0.048)和部分分子反應(91%對29%,p = 0.01)。
Treatment discontinuation was significantly more frequent among interferon-treated patients (p = 0.03).48 The MPD-RC has also studied pegylated interferon alfa-2a in patients with high-risk PV (n = 50) or ET (n = 65) in the second-line setting after failure (resistance or intolerance) of HU.49 The ORR at 12 months was 69.2% in patients with ET and 60% in those with PV. The best ORR by intention-to-treat analysis was 70.8% for ET and 64% for PV. Overall, eight patients (11.1%) achieved a bone marrow complete response and seven of these eight patients had a hematologic response. The rate of CHR was higher among CALR-mutated patients (56.3% versus 28.6%, p = 0.02).49
在干擾素治療的患者中,治療中止的頻率更高(p = 0.03).48 MPD-RC還研究了高風險PV(n = 50)或ET(n = 65)患者的聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a。 HU49失敗後的二線設置(阻力或不耐受)。在12個月時,ET患者的ORR為69.2%,PV患者為60%。意向治療分析的最佳ORR為ET為70.8%,PV為64%。總體而言,8名患者(11.1%)獲得了骨髓完全反應,其中7名患者有血液學反應。 CALR突變患者的CHR率較高(56.3%對28.6%,p = 0.02).49
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b (peg-proline-interferon alfa-2b) is a novel, monopegylated interferon that can be administered once every 2 weeks. In the single-arm, open-label phase I/II PEGINVERA study in 51 patients with PV, this agent produced an ORR of 90%, with 47% complete and 43% partial responses.50 The rates of best molecular response were complete (CMR) in 21% and partial in 47%. Overall, three patients, two of whom had more than one chromosomal aberration, achieved complete cytogenetic responses.51 This agent was then taken forward into a phase III registrational trial in Europe, termed the PROUD/CONTI-PV trial. Aiming to recruit an ‘early’ PV population, the investigators enrolled both treatment-naïve high-risk patients requiring cytoreduction as well as those who had received HU for <3 years but had not achieved a CHR. The initial part of the trial (PROUD-PV) was designed to show non-inferiority of ropeginterferon alfa-2b to HU in terms of CHR rate at 12 months, and met its primary endpoint.52 In the second part of the trial (CONTI-PV), 95 patients received ropeginterferon alfa-2b and 76 received best available therapy (BAT).53 Cytopenias were more frequent in the control group,
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b(peg-proline-interferon alfa-2b)是一種新型的單PEG化干擾素,可每2週給藥一次。在51例PV患者的單臂,開放標記I / II期PEGINVERA研究中,該藥物產生的ORR為90%,完成47%,部分反應43%.50最佳分子反應率完成( CMR)佔21%,部分佔47%。總體而言,三名患者(其中兩名患者有一種以上的染色體畸變)實現了完全的細胞遺傳學反應.51該藥物隨後被推進歐洲的III期登記試驗,稱為PROUD / CONTI-PV試驗。為了招募“早期”PV人群,研究人員招募了既往需要細胞減容的治療初期高風險患者,以及接受HU <3年但尚未達到CHR的患者。試驗的初始部分(PROUD-PV)旨在顯示繩索干擾素α-2b對HU在12個月時的CHR率方面的非劣效性,並且達到其主要終點.52在試驗的第二部分(CONTI) -PV),95例患者接受了galginterferon alfa-2b,76例患者接受了最佳治療(BAT).53對照組血細胞減少更頻繁, while increased liver enzymes and myalgias were more prominent in the interferon group. CHR rates were numerically higher after 12 months of treatment in the HU group (75% versus 62.1%, p = 0.12), while at 2 and 3 years, CHR rates significantly favored ropeginterferon alfa-2b (70.5%) over BAT (≈50%, p = 0.01). At 3 years, the rate of CHR plus improvement in disease burden (splenomegaly and symptoms) was also significantly higher for ropeginterferon alfa-2b than for BAT (52.6% versus 37.8%, p = 0.04), while it was nonsignificantly higher in the HU arm after 12 months (51.3% versus 46.3%, p = 0.5), underscoring the fact that responses to interferon take time. A very similar pattern was observed with regard to reduction of the JAK2 V617F allele burden, with numerically more patients in the HU arm having a molecular response by 12 months (50.7% versus 43.6%, p = 0.5), while 66% of ropeginterferon alfa-2b patients compared with 27% of BAT patients had achieved a molecular response by 3 years (p < 0.0001). In contrast with previously reported findings with interferon alfa-2a,54 significant declines in non-JAK2 mutant allele burdens were observed on ropeginterferon alfa-2b.53 Ropeginterferon alfa-2b (Besremi) has since received a ‘positive opinion’ from the European Medicines Agency, recommending the granting of marketing authorization for the drug for the treatment of PV without symptomatic splenomegaly.55
而乾擾素組中肝酶和肌痛的增加更為突出。在HU組治療12個月後,CHR率在數值上更高(75%對62.1%,p = 0.12),而在2年和3年時,CHR率顯著優於galg的炎症干擾素α-2b(70.5%)(≈50) %,p = 0.01)。在3年時,CHR加上疾病負擔(脾腫大和症狀)的改善率也顯著高於BAT(52.6%對37.8%,p = 0.04),而在HU中則顯著更高。 12個月後手臂(51.3%對46.3%,p = 0.5),強調對乾擾素的反應需要時間。在減少JAK2 V617F等位基因負荷方面觀察到非常相似的模式,HU臂中的數量更多的患者俱有12個月的分子反應(50.7%對43.6%,p = 0.5),而繩索干擾素α的66% -2b患者與27%的BAT患者相比,分子反應達到3年(p <0.0001)。與之前報導的干擾素α-2a的研究結果相比,在繩索干擾素alfa-2b.53上觀察到54個非JAK2突變體等位基因負荷顯著下降Ropeginterferon alfa-2b(Besremi)自此獲得歐洲藥物的“積極意見”機構,建議授予PV治療藥物的上市許可,無症狀性脾腫大.55
Ruxolitinib
The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib is currently approved for the treatment of patients with PV whose disease is resistant to or who are intolerant of HU, based on superiority over BAT demonstrated in the RESPONSE and RESPONSE-2 studies in patients with and without splenomegaly, respectively.56,57 Although the formal European LeukemiaNet (ELN) definition of HU resistance requires a dose of 2 g daily for at least 3 months,58 real-world studies indicate that this dose is infrequently achieved.59 Resistance to HU as defined by the ELN, and in particular, having no response in leukocyte count, has been associated with a higher risk of death and leukemic transformation.
JAK1 / 2抑製劑ruxolitinib目前被批准用於治療PV患者,該患者的疾病對HU具有抗性或不耐受,基於在有脾腫大和無脾腫大患者的RESPONSE和RESPONSE-2研究中證明的優於BAT的優勢.56,57儘管正式的歐洲白血病網(ELN)對HU耐藥的定義需要每天2 g劑量至少3個月,但58項實際研究表明這種劑量很少達到.59對HU的抗性定義如下: ELN,特別是對白細胞計數沒有反應,與死亡和白血病轉化的風險較高有關。
60 Among the different criteria for HU intolerance, the development of cytopenias at the lowest dose of HU needed to achieve a complete or partial response appears to be associated with a higher risk of myelofibrotic progression, leukemic transformation and death.61 While the need for phlebotomies on HU would intuitively suggest poorly controlled/more proliferative disease, studies have arrived at opposite conclusions as to whether this has a deleterious impact on the incidence of thrombotic events.62,63 In RESPONSE, the rates of hematocrit control, spleen volume reduction (SVR), CHR and ⩾50% reduction in total symptom score (TSS) at week 32 were 60% and 20%, 38% and 1%, 24% and 9%, and 49% and 5%, for ruxolitinib and BAT, respectively.56 There was a trend towards fewer thrombotic events in the ruxolitinib group.
在HU不耐受的不同標準中,在最低劑量的HU需要達到完全或部分反應的血細胞減少的發展似乎與骨髓纖維化進展,白血病轉化和死亡的風險較高有關.61雖然需要靜脈切開術在HU上直觀地表明控制不良/增殖性更強的疾病,研究得出了相反的結論,即這是否會對血栓形成事件的發生率產生有害影響.62,63在回應中,血細胞比容控制率,脾臟體積減少(SVR) ruxolitinib和BAT分別在第32週時,總症狀評分(TSS)降低分別為60%和20%,38%和1%,24%和9%,49%和5%。 .56 ruxolitinib組血栓事件發生率降低的趨勢。
An interesting biologic correlate of this may be the inhibition by JAK inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation, which is implicated in thrombogenesis in the MPNs.64 There was also a progressive decline in the JAK2 V617F allele burden in both ruxolitinib-randomized and crossover patients, although the clinical significance of this remains unclear.65 Crossover was permitted after week 32, the time point at which the primary endpoint, a composite of hematocrit control and spleen volume reduction (SVR), was assessed, and no patient remained on BAT after week 80. The 5-year follow-up data from the RESPONSE trial were recently presented.66 At the final analysis, the Kaplan–Meier estimated probability of maintaining the primary response for 224 weeks (starting from week 32) in the ruxolitinib arm was 0.74, and that of maintaining clinicohematologic response (hematocrit control without phlebotomy, platelets ⩽ 400 × 109/l, leukocytes ⩽ 10 × 109/l, SVR ⩾ 35%) was 0.67, and the median durations of the primary and clinicohematologic responses had not been reached. No new safety signals emerged. The primary endpoint in RESPONSE-2 was hematocrit control at week 28, achieved by 62% of patients in the ruxolitinib arm compared with 19% of patients in the BAT arm (p < 0.0001).57 Crossover was permitted after week 28, and no patient remained on BAT by week 80.
一個有趣的生物相關性可能是JAK抑制中性粒細胞胞外陷阱形成的抑制,這與MPNs中的血栓形成有關.64 ruxolitinib-randomized和crossover患者的JAK2 V617F等位基因負荷也逐漸下降,雖然其臨床意義尚不清楚。在第32週後,允許交叉,主要終點,血細胞比容控制和脾臟體積減少(SVR)的複合物的時間點被評估,並且在一周後沒有患者留在最佳可行技術上80.最近提出了RESPONSE試驗的5年隨訪數據.66歸根結底,Ruxolitinib組維持224週(從第32週開始)的主要反應的Kaplan-Meier估計概率為0.74和維持臨床血液學反應的血細胞比容(血小板控制無靜脈切開,血小板⩽400×109 / l,白細胞⩽10×109 / l,SVR⩾3) 5%)為0.67,並未達到原發性和臨床血液學反應的中位持續時間。沒有出現新的安全信號。 RESPONSE-2的主要終點是第28週的血細胞比容控制,ruxolitinib組有62%的患者達到,而BAT組的患者為19%(p <0.0001).57第28週後允許進行交叉治療。患者在第80週仍然接受BAT治療。
Among hematocrit responders at week 28, the probability of maintaining the response at week 80 was 78%, and durable CHR was achieved in 24% of patients in the ruxolitinib arm versus 3% in the BAT arm at week 80.67 Ruxolitinib efficacy and safety, both after and versus interferon use in the RESPONSE and RESPONSE-2 studies, was examined in an ad hoc analysis, and ruxolitinib was found superior in terms of both efficacy and tolerability when compared with interferon as BAT; furthermore, ruxolitinib was efficacious in patients who received interferon as BAT but did not respond and crossed over to receive ruxolitinib.68 Patients with PV who have splenomegaly, are on HU or require phlebotomy have high symptom burdens,69 and blood count control does not necessarily correlate with symptom control.70 The RELIEF study compared (1:1) continuation of HU with switching to ruxolitinib in 110 symptomatic patients with PV whose blood counts were well controlled on a stable dose of HU.71 The primary endpoint, a ⩾50% reduction in the TSS cytokine symptom cluster (tiredness, itching, muscle aches, night sweats and sweats while awake) at week 16, was achieved by 43.4% of patients in the ruxolitinib arm and 29.6% of patients in the HU continuation arm (p = 0.139).
在第28週的血細胞比容反應者中,在第80周維持反應的可能性為78%,並且在ruxolitinib組中24%的患者實現了持久的CHR,而在80.67時的效力和安全性,兩者均在BAT臂中達到3%Ruxolitinib。在干擾素使用後,在RESPONSE和RESPONSE-2研究中,在臨時分析中進行了檢查,與乾擾素作為BAT相比,ruxolitinib在功效和耐受性方面均表現優異;此外,ruxolitinib對接受干擾素作為BAT但沒有反應並且接受ruxolitinib的患者有效.68患有脾腫大的PV患者,在HU或需要靜脈切開術時有高症狀負擔,69並且血細胞計數控制不一定RELIEF研究比較了(1:1)HU的延續與轉換為ruxolitinib的110名有症狀的PV患者,其血液計數在穩定劑量的HU下得到良好控制。主要終點,⩾50%第16週時TSS細胞因子症狀群(疲倦,瘙癢,肌肉酸痛,盜汗和清醒時出汗)減少,其中43.4%的患者使用ruxolitinib組,29.6%的患者在HU延續組中實現(p = 0.139)。 Reactivation of varicella zoster virus (shingles) and nonmelanoma skin cancers, particularly in patients with a history of the same, are important adverse events (AEs) that call for vigilance when treating patients with PV with ruxolitinib, and shingles vaccination using the inactivated (killed) virus should be considered in all patients.
水痘帶狀皰疹病毒(帶狀皰疹)和非黑色素瘤皮膚癌的再激活,特別是在有相同病史的患者中,是使用ruxolitinib治療PV患者時需要警惕的重要不良事件(AEs),以及使用滅活的(帶殺死的)帶狀皰疹疫苗接種)所有患者都應考慮病毒。
Ruxolitinib is not currently approved for ET, although several trials are ongoing (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02577926, NCT02962388, NCT03123588). Ruxolitinib was compared with BAT in 110 patients with ET and HU resistance or intolerance in the investigator-initiated MAJIC-ET RCT in the United Kingdom.72 At 1 year, there was no significant difference in CHR rates (46.6% with ruxolitinib and 44.2% with BAT, p = 0.4), and rates of thrombosis, hemorrhage and transformation were no different at 2 years. However, improvement in disease-related symptoms was greater in patients receiving ruxolitinib. Ruxolitinib was also studied in 39 HU-resistant/intolerant patients with ET in an open-label, single-arm trial.73 Rapid decreases in leukocyte and platelet counts through the first 4 weeks of therapy were noted, followed by normalization/stabilization, and ⩾50% improvements in ET-related symptom scores, for example, bone pain, pruritus, night sweats, numbness/tingling and weakness between baseline and after 12 weeks of therapy occurred in the majority of patients. The recently published results of the MPN Landmark Survey have drawn attention to the symptom burden faced by patients with ET, PV and MF, and their relative underappreciation by physicians.74–76
Ruxolitinib目前尚未被批准用於ET,儘管正在進行若干試驗(ClinicalTrials.gov標識符:NCT02577926,NCT02962388,NCT03123588)。在英國研究者發起的MAJIC-ET RCT中,110例ET和HU耐藥或不耐受的患者使用Ruxolitinib與BAT進行比較。72在1年時,CHR率沒有顯著差異(ruxolitinib為46.6%,44.2% BAT,p = 0.4),血栓形成,出血和轉化率在2年時沒有差異。然而,接受ruxolitinib的患者中疾病相關症狀的改善更大。在開放標籤的單臂試驗中,還對39例HU耐藥/不耐受ET患者進行了Ruxolitinib研究.73注意到治療前4週白細胞和血小板計數迅速下降,隨後歸一化/穩定,在大多數患者中,ET相關症狀評分改善50%,例如骨痛,瘙癢,盜汗,麻木/刺痛以及基線和治療12週後的無力。 MPN Landmark Survey最近公佈的結果引起了人們對ET,PV和MF患者所面臨的症狀負擔的關注,以及他們對醫生的相對低估.74-76
Investigational approaches: human double minute 2 inhibition and other strategies Human double minute 2 (HDM2) is the physiologic negative regulator of p53 and small-molecule inhibition of HDM2 is being pursued as a therapeutic strategy in cancer types where deletion or mutation of TP53 is uncommon, such as de novo AML, as a means of restoring the function of wild-type TP53 and inducing apoptosis. Although TP53 mutations are common in the blast phase of MPNs,77 they are quite rare in chronic-phase disease, especially in PV and ET. Furthermore, JAK2 V617F enhances the expression of HDM2 in MPNs.78 Idasanutlin is an orally bioavailable antagonist of HDM2 that preferentially eliminated JAK2 V617F+ MPN hematopoietic progenitor cells, both alone and synergistically with pegylated interferon alfa-2a, and pretreatment of PV and PMF CD34+ cells decreased donor-derived chimerism as well as JAK2 V617F allele burden upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice in preclinical studies.79 These findings were subsequently translated into an investigator-initiated phase I trial in patients with high-risk, JAK2-mutated PV (n = 11) or ET (n = 1) who were resistant/intolerant to at least one prior therapy (HU, interferon or anagrelide).
研究方法:人類雙分鐘2抑制和其他策略 人類雙分鐘2(HDM2)是p53的生理學負調節因子,並且HDM2的小分子抑製作為癌症類型的治療策略被追求,其中TP53的缺失或突變是罕見的,例如從頭AML,作為一種手段恢復野生型TP53的功能並誘導細胞凋亡。儘管TP53突變在MPN的急變期很常見,但它們在慢性期疾病中非常罕見,特別是在PV和ET中。此外,JAK2 V617F增強了MPNs中HDM2的表達.78 Idasanutlin是HDM2的口服生物可利用拮抗劑,優先消除JAK2 V617F + MPN造血祖細胞,單獨和協同作用與聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a,以及PV和PMF CD34 +細胞的預處理在臨床前研究中移植入免疫缺陷小鼠後,供體來源嵌合體以及JAK2 V617F等位基因負荷減少.79這些研究結果隨後被轉化為研究者啟動的I期高風險JAK2突變PV患者試驗(n = 11) )或ET(n = 1)對至少一種先前療法(HU,干擾素或阿那格雷)耐藥/不耐受。
80 Baseline HDM2 levels were higher in study participants than in healthy controls, and plasma MIC-1 levels were significantly increased in the six patients tested following treatment with idasanutlin, signaling activation of the p53 pathway. Idasanutlin was given on days 1–5 of each cycle, and pegylated interferon alfa-2a could be added after six cycles of idasanutlin monotherapy in patients with a suboptimal response. No grade 4 nonhematologic AE occurred at either the 100 mg or 150 mg daily dose of idasanutlin, and no hematologic AE of any grade occurred. Grade 3 headache, fatigue and pain occurred in one patient each, but no grade 3/4 gastrointestinal AE was observed. Anti-emetic prophylaxis was routine. The ORR by ELN-International Working Group (IWG) criteria81 was 75% (9 of 12), with 7 responders (4 complete and 3 partial) in part A (idasanutlin monotherapy) and 2 additional responders (1 complete and 1 partial) in part B (idasanutlin plus pegylated interferon alfa-2a). The TSS declined by ⩾50% in most patients, and the median reduction in the mutant JAK2 allele burden was 43%. Bone marrow histomorphologic responses were also observed. A patient with a p53 mutation at baseline did not respond. Idasanutlin is now being tested in a global, single-arm phase II trial in patients with HU-resistant/intolerant PV (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03287245).
基線HDM2水平在研究參與者中高於健康對照,並且在用idasanutlin治療後測試的6名患者中,血漿MIC-1水平顯著增加,從而發信號通知p53途徑的激活。 Idasanutlin在每個週期的第1-5天給予,並且在具有次優應答的患者中,在六個idasanutlin單一療法週期後可以添加聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a。在100mg或150mg日劑量的idasanutlin中沒有發生4級非血液學AE,並且沒有發生任何等級的血液學AE。每例患者發生3級頭痛,疲勞和疼痛,但未觀察到3/4級胃腸道AE。止吐藥預防是常規的。 ELN-國際工作組(IWG)標準81的ORR為75%(12/9),其中7個應答者(4個完全和3個部分)在A部分(idasanutlin單藥治療)和2個額外應答者(1個完全和1個部分) B部分(idasanutlin加聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a)。大多數患者的TSS下降了50%,突變型JAK2等位基因負荷的中位數下降為43%。還觀察到骨髓組織形態學反應。基線時p53突變的患者沒有反應。 Idasanutlin目前正在針對HU耐藥/不耐受PV患者的全球單臂II期試驗中進行測試(ClinicalTrials.gov標識符:NCT03287245)。
A more potent oral agent, KRT-232, is also being explored in a two-part phase II study in phlebotomy-dependent patients with PV (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03669965). Part A of this trial is a dose- and schedule-finding portion in HU-resistant/intolerant or interferon-pretreated patients, while part B is planned to be a randomized comparison of KRT-232 (at the optimal dose and schedule to be derived from part A) to ruxolitinib in HU-resistant/intolerant patients with splenomegaly, as in RESPONSE.
一種更有效的口服藥物KRT-232也正在一項兩部分的II期研究中進行探索,該研究涉及PV放血依賴患者(ClinicalTrials.gov標識符:NCT03669965)。該試驗的A部分是HU耐藥/不耐受或乾擾素預處理患者的劑量和時間表發現部分,而B部分計劃是KRT-232的隨機比較(以最佳劑量和時間表得出)從部分A)到具有脾腫大的HU耐藥/不耐受患者的ruxolitinib,如在回應中。
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), for example, vorinostat, givinostat, are active in PV, both in murine models82 and in the clinic,83,84 but the chronic, low-grade toxicities of these agents make them difficult to administer for long periods, making the future of this class of agents uncertain in MPNs as a whole.85 The telomerase inhibitor imetelstat produced high rates of best hematologic response (100%; 89% CHR) and molecular response in a small study in patients with previously treated ET (n = 18),86 but toxicity was significant, and current development of this agent in MPNs is focused on MF.87 The same is true of the recently resurrected JAK1/2 inhibitor momelotinib which, while promising in terms of anemia and symptom benefits in patients with MF,88,89 had limited efficacy in patients with PV or ET.90
組蛋白去乙酰化酶抑製劑(HDACis),例如伏立諾他,givinostat,在小鼠模型82和臨床中均有活性,83,84但這些藥物的慢性低級毒性使它們難以長期給藥這使得這類藥物的未來在整個MPNs中不確定.85端粒酶抑製劑imetelstat在先前治療的ET患者的一項小型研究中產生了最高的血液學反應率(100%; 89%CHR)和分子反應( n = 18),86但是毒性是顯著的,並且這種藥物在MPN中的當前發展集中於MF.87最近復活的JAK1 / 2抑製劑momelotinib也是如此,其同時在貧血和症狀益處方面有希望。 MF,88,89患者對PV或ET患者的療效有限.90
Conclusion
結論
After many years of a relative lack of progress in PV and ET, the regulatory approval of ruxolitinib and the impending approval (in the European Union) of ropeginterferon alfa-2b for PV represent important therapeutic advances that have kindled interest in investigating other, mechanism-based agents, for example, HDM2 inhibitors, for the treatment of these largely indolent conditions. From a clinical practice standpoint, increasing awareness of the deleterious effects of leukocytosis and the symptom burden faced by patients with PV and ET may influence practice patterns and drug development efforts. Ultimately, patients and providers alike await the arrival of agents that can modify the underlying disease biology so as to prevent progression to MF and transformation to AML.
在PV和ET相對缺乏進展多年後,ruxolitinib的監管批准和即將批准(在歐盟)用於PV的ropeginterferon alfa-2b代表了重要的治療進展,這些進展引起了對調查其他機制的興趣 - 基於藥劑,例如HDM2抑製劑,用於治療這些基本上惰性的病症。從臨床實踐的角度來看,提高對白細胞增多的有害影響的認識以及PV和ET患者面臨的症狀負擔可能會影響實踐模式和藥物開發工作。最終,患者和提供者都在等待能夠改變潛在疾病生物學的藥劑的到來,以防止進展到MF並轉化為AML。
Funding
資金
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
作者未收到本文研究,作者和/或出版物的財務支持。
Conflict of interest statement
利益衝突聲明
PB reports honoraria from Incyte Corporation, Celgene Corporation and Blueprint Medicines Corporation, and research funding from Incyte Corporation, Celgene Corporation, CTI BioPharma, Kartos Therapeutics, Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Inc., Astellas Pharmaceuticals, NS-Pharma, Promedior and Blueprint Medicines Corporation.
PB報告來自Incyte Corporation,Celgene Corporation和Blueprint Medicines Corporation的酬金,以及來自Incyte Corporation,Celgene Corporation,CTI BioPharma,Kartos Therapeutics,Constellation Pharmaceuticals,Pfizer,Inc.,Astellas Pharmaceuticals,NS-Pharma,Promedior和Blueprint Medicines Corporation的研究經費。 。
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會員:良必俠10147410 |
發表時間:2019/8/31 上午 10:33:47
第 7225 篇回應
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剛才所述文字內容,可在藥華藥官網的最新消息查到 前幾天的下殺,到是撿了一些便宜價位回補,哈 www.pharmaessentia.com/tw/news_latestdetail/%E8%97%A5%E8%8F%AF%E9%86%AB%E8%97%A5%E5%B0%87%E6%96%BC9%E6%9C%884%E6%97%A5%E8%88%87FDA%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8BPre-BLA%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0 |
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會員:良必俠10147410 |
發表時間:2019/8/31 上午 10:21:56
第 7224 篇回應
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8月28日與本公司召開 CMC會議、9月4 日召開 Non-CMC (Medical) 會議 8/28 開會的CMC 是指化學製造管制會議 (CMC,Chemical, Manufacturing, Control) 9/4開會的是 臨床實驗會議 FDA 之前要求分開討論,所以要等9/4開完臨床試驗會議 才能知道結局如何
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會員:王碰仔10148138 |
發表時間:2019/8/31 上午 09:37:44
第 7223 篇回應
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請問ㄧ下一8月28號開會後公告結果正面 這樣就結束了? (8月28∼9月4日)就開這ㄧ次而已 還是? 然而開完會後就等通知 是否直接取證 是這樣嗎? 知道的大大 幫我解惑ㄧ下 謝謝 |
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會員:Eric10147757 |
發表時間:2019/8/30 下午 01:20:17
第 7222 篇回應
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生技族群,現在屬於低估 !
逢低,擇優,量力資產配置,中期投資(2~5年) → 必有厚報 !
有同感 ! |
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會員:野鶴10143507 |
發表時間:2019/8/30 下午 12:40:01
第 7221 篇回應
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請教版上先進!一般FDA藥審pre BLA 咨詢過後,結果上有哪些可能的方向? 就只是準備BLA的申請,照表操課,順利一年後領藥證?!還是會有準備資料for加速審核的建議?還是被延(照樂觀應該不會) or其他?? |
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會員:向錢走10137837 |
發表時間:2019/8/30 上午 08:56:20
第 7220 篇回應
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藥華始終被上下其手,這不會是最後一次⋯⋯ 真的了不起! 不,是了然∼ |
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會員:小黑10145930 |
發表時間:2019/8/30 上午 07:59:09
第 7219 篇回應
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會員:重劍無鋒10030199 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 下午 11:20:51
第 7218 篇回應
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尊敬的Alan Liu網友 (& 藥華公司) (&藥華投資網友)
針對藥華這次的迅速反應,從善如流/俯聽建言,
重劍給予極大的肯定 !
希望將來 {如果執行私募},能如實照著公司的說明執行。
談笑有鴻儒,往來無白丁。 重劍 偶爾就應邀一些 (生技)投資演講。 Ex: 8/20應生技公司董事長之邀,20位重量級投資人 (生技)投資講座 8/24應醫師診所協會之邀,(生技)投資講 其它 外資/基金經理人 之互動,更是頻繁。
藥華 在公司治理 顯著加強,則樂於 提升 藥華在觀察名單的 評等。推薦入portfolio選項。
藥華加油 ! 台灣生技加油 !
重劍 原本就已絕跡必富網。此次特殊事件出山,幫助 藥華藥, 幫助 生技產業。
現在功德圓滿, 要再躲回山洞隱居了 。
生技族群,現在屬於低估 !
逢低,擇優,量力資產配置,中期投資(2~5年) → 必有厚報 !
祝福各位投資朋友 !!
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會員:先進10000164 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 下午 03:16:40
第 7217 篇回應
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感謝重劍兄的仗義執言,本人估計私募案,確定後股價將有所表現。 |
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會員:重劍無鋒10030199 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 下午 03:01:02
第 7216 篇回應
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很好。證明 小股東 ,正確的監督,造成輿論壓力,是有效果的。
藥華藥白紙黑字,寫下了這一句 :
公告內部人名單只是將來在募資時, {萬一募得資金未達標} , {公司才會向內部人募集不足的缺額} 而 {內部人也都有這樣的共識}
所以幾位支持藥華藥的網友,就可以知道,重劍 此舉,是良善的。 幫助藥華藥, 擺脫將來的 嫌疑 。
千金難買早知道。 總要有人,不計毀譽,做正確的建言。
公告內部人名單只是將來在募資時, {萬一募得資金未達標} , {公司才會向內部人募集不足的缺額} 而 {內部人也都有這樣的共識} |
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發表時間:2019/8/29 下午 02:46:37
第 7215 篇回應
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不是啊,澄清內容還要有人 滿意 才行呀! 嘖嘖~~~ |
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 下午 02:21:32
第 7214 篇回應
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藥華這次籌資案 導致股民信心不足 而影響股價再次重跌 處理危機反應算是快及有效 澄清很算清楚 給予藥華一個讚👍
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 下午 02:05:27
第 7213 篇回應
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關於「董事會決議辦理現金增資私募普通股」內部人相關議題討論 2019.08.29 回上一頁 對於公司近期的增資公告,市場上對「內部人」出現諸多臆測。藥華醫藥在此做個簡短的說明,以解除大家的疑慮。 有關近期的募資公告,公司的作法是希望在法令的規範下保有最大的彈性,因而列出未來所有可能的募資管道,又因內部人若有可能參與募資必須於公告中列出。公告內部人名單只是將來在募資時,萬一募得資金未達標,公司才會向內部人募集不足的缺額而內部人也都有這樣的共識。如果在公告中未將內部人事先列出,將來如果真的碰到募資瓶頸,依法令規定內部人是不可以認購缺額的,這將是行政不周全造成的遺憾。同時,內部人對公司營運業務相對熟悉,公司希望在募資時能獲得內部人及時支持,一同追求公司及股東最大利益,也是具有很大鼔舞意義的。 目前公司的募資方式還在積極規劃階段,有進一步的消息,一定會依照法令公告並公布於公司的官網。
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會員:Alan Liu10136094 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 下午 02:04:59
第 7212 篇回應
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關於「董事會決議辦理現金增資私募普通股」內部人相關議題討論 2019.08.29
對於公司近期的增資公告,市場上對「內部人」出現諸多臆測。藥華醫藥在此做個簡短的說明,以解除大家的疑慮。
有關近期的募資公告,公司的作法是希望在法令的規範下保有最大的彈性,因而列出未來所有可能的募資管道,又因內部人若有可能參與募資必須於公告中列出。公告內部人名單只是將來在募資時,萬一募得資金未達標,公司才會向內部人募集不足的缺額而內部人也都有這樣的共識。如果在公告中未將內部人事先列出,將來如果真的碰到募資瓶頸,依法令規定內部人是不可以認購缺額的,這將是行政不周全造成的遺憾。同時,內部人對公司營運業務相對熟悉,公司希望在募資時能得內部人及時支持,一同追求公司及股東最大利益,也是具有很大鼔舞意義的。
目前公司的募資方式還在積極規劃階段,有進一步的消息,一定會依照法令公告並公布於公司的官網。 |
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會員:小正正10142326 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 下午 01:01:01
第 7211 篇回應
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www.pharmaessentia.com/tw/news_latestdetail/8%E6%9C%8828%E6%97%A5-FDA-%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%A2
8月28日 FDA 會議結果正面
公司在8月 28 日下午 1:00 準時與FDA 官員舉行面對面正式會議,會議開始,在雙方自我介紹前,官員面帶微笑的問候我們説都遠從台灣來的嗎?獲知有多位同仁,如醫學長營運長遠從台灣用電話參加,聴聞後問是台灣凌晨嗎?面帶微笑語氣輕鬆,尊重且肯定,討論過程中氣氛極爲良好,會議並在預定時間內提早結束,緣此,CMC 的BLA送件部分大致底定。
回顧過去十餘年,CMC 的團隊在前 FDA 副處長吳篤恭博士及前 Amgen 品質分析處資深處長Dr, Hsieng-sen Lu敦敦教誨下,由成員十餘人到如今的百餘人,已於去年初取得 EMA 授予 EMA GMP 的証書,團隊將再繼續努力,相信明年一定可以獲得FDA 的最後肯定。 |
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會員:王碰仔10148138 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 11:38:38
第 7210 篇回應
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我們還是回到討論新藥進度 跟後續銷售進度好嗎? 現在歐洲開賣也不知道滲透率多少?不然ㄧ定有高手可以推算出美國上市能賣多少 本人想再加碼ㄧ些 可是都沒以上資訊 也會怕怕的
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會員:重劍無鋒10030199 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 11:17:40
第 7209 篇回應
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Linbad 兄台,很好很好,我們終於有比較好的互動。
引用 : ... 不過如果因為投資藥華虧損,而產生怨恨報復 ... ...
(1)我 確定 有投資小量的藥華, 沒有產生虧損 。
(2)希望導向一流的公司治理,沒有一絲絲 怨恨報復的念頭。 ( 既無虧損,那來的報復心 ? )
(3)早在2012年左右,(時間太久,檔案或許還在,但需要找) 幕僚就ppt 向 重劍 報告過 藥華藥了。 當時就是因為 林國鐘執行長的官司爭議,重劍 沒有批准。 (當然,也沒有在生技狂潮時賺到。 但當時,投任何一支生技股,都是賺 +200% 起跳的) 所以看到藥華藥,又 可能 重蹈覆軋 ,所以才 提前制止 。
有助於藥華的公司治理。 有助於新藥產業正向發展。 如是而已。 沒有陰謀/怨恨/... ...
說一個讓藥華粉絲高興一點的 :
如果要重劍選 台股新藥 15 支 觀察名單 ,藥華肯定入列。 (所以 重劍才會有投資一點點 )
就是因為 藥華,也算是 新藥產業的一咖, 重劍才會嚴格督促其 公司治理。
台股,自肥案,太多了 ! 太多! 太多! 太多! .... .... 了。
如果是市值30億,不值得一提的,不可能做 領頭羊 之一 的, 重劍 根本懶得去 評論 or 督促 ∼
說這麼白,藥華粉絲應該高興了吧! 不會再懷疑:必有奸情! ^-^
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 10:54:28
第 7208 篇回應
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謝謝你的澄清 那麼我就放心了,沒有雞網出來亂 不過如果因為投資藥華虧損 而產生怨恨報復 我想我的怨恨比你還要深,絕對不會小於你 而且是鉅大虧損? 不過,想到股價只是暫時波動 長期仍舊看好 如你所說,以後漲到300,600都有可能 換個最壞的角度來看 如果藥華私募,依舊有內部人認購不能防弊 但是藥華籌資成功,不會被打入全額交割 熟輕熟重?
可以請你耐心等待,到九月四號後?等Pre-BLA結果出來。 十月初藥華臨時股東會,你來吧? 爭取股民的權益。
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會員:LKK10000004 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 10:52:17
第 7207 篇回應
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會員:應無所住10144738 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 10:46:45
第 7206 篇回應
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重劍大 你的說法 再認同不過了
常常警惕 對於同樣的評論 賺錢時 我 認同 現在賠錢 是否也支持?
對於6446的籌資看法 不再評論 等看公司的決定 |
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會員:重劍無鋒10030199 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 10:37:03
第 7205 篇回應
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Linbad 兄台, 重劍,不可能是 G網 派來的。 (1) G網大約是近2年多 (?) 才成立的,重劍早在 2011年,就在必富網註冊,大量發文 了。 G網對 重劍而言,尚屬 後輩 , 重劍 怎麼可能自失身份,去受它 指使。
(2) 2011年至今,必富網、部落格, 我都是希望 藥華藥 能夠 大漲到 300元,500元,帶動生技族群。 也從未評論說 藥華的 市場大小,銷售額大小、、、, 8∼9年 的文字俱在, 如果是 重劍 健忘,網友大可以 COPY 來打臉, 讓重劍 深自反省。
(3)善意的建議 Linbad 兄台,不要動軋以 : 陰謀論, 等等 的 誅心論 ,來作評論。 除非是找到 證具。 那怕是 蛛絲馬跡的 舉証 也好。
否則所有的 正確之舉 ,都被懷疑是 有企圖 ,這樣真的不好。
舉個 偉人 的例子 (重劍,當然只有人家 千萬分之一的渺小 ) 高雄 陳樹菊、德雷莎修女、、、、 , 有人會 誅心 ,說她們一定 {別有企圖} ? {為了搏名} ? {不為已天誅地滅} .... ...。
真的不要動軋以 陰謀論,來看事情。
其實Linbad兄台之後的論述,重劍也覺得很ok 的, 您也是同陣線 : 反對內部人
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會員:andytom10148211 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 10:33:00
第 7204 篇回應
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可喜的是,沒有人再質疑藥華的藥了,看來我的投資是對的,至於投入的價格當然是越低越好,只是我說過我不會推波助瀾! |
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 10:12:53
第 7203 篇回應
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重劍大,
有點懷疑 你的用心 拿著正義大旗,口口聲聲主持正義 你不會是鷄網派來的? 藥華大頭在前面打扙 有人在後院放火 如果你不是鷄網泒來亂的 長期投資者 不致於此 耐心再等待幾天 何必致藥華於死地?
沒有確定的是,猜測僅僅是猜測 建議藥華可以在網站澄清 㕽堵悠悠之口
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會員:重劍無鋒10030199 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 09:54:44
第 7202 篇回應
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2019.08.29 尊敬/用功 的小企鵝 (先進) 兄台, 您(們)理性,且公道, 所以我就回覆一下,意在 澄清而已,並無冒犯 / 鬥嘴 之意。
(1) 等到 “確切” ,”已做下去” ,再反應,根本是 100% 來不及,且,幾乎無法再更動。 就又再 永留 “藥華” 歷史了。 所以,當然是要在 “前面” ,先制止也。 這個是 藥華自己的 重訊公告,清一色列出 “內部人” ,不是我們自己 “想像” 的。
Again ,就算有 “策略人” ,內部人 也不應該 “搭便車”
(2)您們可能 “用語” 不很精確, 都是用 : 引用先進: {近期的私募案紛紛擾擾} 引用小企鵝: {私募這個議題}
不對啦,這樣講會 失之毫米,謬以千里。 “私募” ,完全沒有問題。 100% 贊成。
問題在 : “內部人” 。 這絕對是善意, 為了 “藥華” ,生技產業。 立意良善。
(3)至於說 “優先” 處理美國FDA ? 優先處理 “內部人” 。 這個是 “並行不悖” 的, 沒有啥優先處理的問題。
我們就是希望公司致力 FDA、EMA , 不要去搞一些 內部人,啥的啥 … … 因為 廢除內部人應募 的: 疑似自肥 , 並不需要 3天、1周的 工作時間, 只需要 “說一聲” ,就解決了。 並不影響 FDA作業的。
Again ,當時提出 “內部人” 的 幕僚, 真是應該 fired ∼
(4)所有熱愛藥華的 大、小股東, 小企鵝…. …. 兄台等, 如果回覆也都是 : 贊成 +1 贊成私募(for 策略人) & 反對大量內部人低價私募 。(除非募不足,內部人慷慨支援)
所有散戶如此,必然造成 {正向輿論}
重劍 一直覺得,擋下 內部人,是 善意的,是正確的。 絕沒啥陰謀、炒股、啥的啥 … … ( 當然,我也自問, 重劍錯了嗎 ? )
我本將心照明月∼
奈何明月照溝渠∼
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會員:小企鵝10142872 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 09:28:09
第 7201 篇回應
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我講句公道話 目前藥華的高階主管應該都在美國開會 現增私募這個議題 甚至於股價或是論壇 他們可能都無暇照顧 理性的投資人 你希望公司優先處理你的私募圖利特定人的疑惑 還是優先處理 FDA Meeting? 那件事情才是最重要的 大家心裡都知道 最晚9/4 會議結束後到10/1 臨時股東會之前 應該會有比較確切的資訊 到時候大家在來批判 或許比較公道 |
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/8/29 上午 08:39:43
第 7200 篇回應
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先進大,
所言甚是,籌資方式有四種,不僅僅是私募
建議公司應該在公司網站,緊快澄清就算私募 也會有防弊措施,會避免內部私肥 以安定投資者
長期投資者,不需自己嚇死自己
藥華大頭現正美國努力,跟FDA開Pre-BLA Meeting
9/4開完會後,應該就會就有好消息。
個人觀點,
P1101歐洲藥證都拿到了 美國藥證還會遠嗎? 美國PV患者,都不怕死?
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會員:先進10000164 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 10:36:04
第 7199 篇回應
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各位投資人晚安~近期的私募案紛紛擾擾,也造成投資人失去信心股價下跌,在此的討論本人相信公司派也看在眼裡, 投資人在此揣測?內部人自肥?公司未公告私募價格前,談自肥?言之過早~本人倒是覺得靜下心等待,靜待公司公布,停止在此揣測留言PO文,對藥華藥有信心者不如趁股價跌深承接,路過的請站兩旁看戲.......
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會員:豁然之境的主人10148378 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 09:40:59
第 7198 篇回應
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劍子幾年前投資過中裕與藥華藥, 當時生技股熱鬧非凡,氛圍似誰拿到藥證誰就是未來股王, 尤其市場中心就在浩鼎 中裕 藥華藥, 現今中裕與藥華藥也如期藥證到手,藥品已開賣, 但檢視股價真是悽慘,原來本夢比換成本益比是殘酷的。
在那次投資結局是賠了80幾萬, 只是小弟在那次投資後就夢醒了, 自知新藥股非自己能夠理解與掌控, 所有資訊都來自公司派與資訊媒體, 在財報解讀上根本沒有意義,因為營收是零, 我們掌控不了的事情太多, 劍子將生技新藥股,歸類為超級投機股,從此不碰。
想在股市賺錢應該是共識, 劍子能夠給的建議就是《選擇》, 選擇你熟悉的產業操作與自己可以掌握資訊的公司操作, 不懂的或看不懂的少碰, 資金配置不要槓桿太高(太多的融資), 如此,勝率才能提高, 如此,才能在股市活著, 劍子對贏家的見解是,撈夠了錢都放在口袋,從此離開股市,這樣才算真贏家,祝福各位都能開心離開股市。
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會員:avandia10146474 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 08:39:59
第 7197 篇回應
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藥華版上所有的風向 言論 都會對股價發生影響 尤其是 當討論的話題無法集中在 藥物本質 或是 產業前景上的時候
想想 如果當初160-180那時增資不要撤回的話 現在股價可能還不至於如此淒慘
真正的長線投資人 一定是要等 增資結束還有美國藥證申請開始之後 一切不確定因素告一個段落才會開始進場
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會員:應無所住10144738 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 05:12:27
第 7196 篇回應
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1.股東監督管理高層/公司 天經地義 2.去年還無限看好,信心滿滿提高現增價~~ -->所以是價高就想辦法從全部股東口袋拿錢 -->價格低,就.......(可以合法但可恥的肥滋滋?) 3.近兩年已發4400張80/90元的認股權
公告說,可以多方籌資,希望公司做出對公司/所有股東最好的方案 |
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會員:王碰仔10148138 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 04:31:33
第 7195 篇回應
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股價跌 版上又再吵了 板主都說了 請求大家注重新藥進度 現在又開始歪題 我看這版先關起來等到 美證上市再開好了 免的吵一堆 人心慌慌
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會員:重劍無鋒10030199 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 03:04:26
第 7194 篇回應
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藥華藥的公司,尊敬的 Alan Liu 網友等,有在 follow 必富網 :
重劍 ,衷心善意的建議藥華藥公司, 撤消 內部人 應募 。 如果一定需要把 內部人 擺著, 就加一句 : 原股東依比例繳款優先。 不足,則由內部人應募
Alan Liu ,舉一些例子: 明基醫、友達、旺宏,來支持論點,只是藥華自己打臉自己, 人家根本沒有 一堆/幾乎全部高階 的 內部人
在2000家的上市上櫃興櫃, 像藥華如此大辣辣,毫不避嫌的,公告 內部人 應募, 也屬於 非常罕見 。 就算藥華能舉出 幾個例子, 也如同幾個 稗米 一樣, 不足為訓也。
國王的新衣,國王自己不知羞於見人而已, 近臣又不便冒犯君威直言。
林國鐘執行長此次的 大辣辣 內部人, 是他自己不覺而已,
法人圈,生技圈, 已為之 側目 。 願意買進的就會遲疑,股價難漲矣 ∼
衷心善意的建議藥華藥公司, 撤消 內部人 應募 。 如果一定需要把 內部人 擺著, 就加一句 : 原股東依比例繳款優先。 不足,則由內部人應募
避嫌,杜絕自肥質疑。
林國鍾執行長,2010年的自肥官爭議,至今10年了,仍是輕易的可以google到。再過10年2030年,可能也仍是留在google上。
如果這次執又執意如此,豈不是又 多了一條 自肥爭議 ? 且google留存20年? 30年 ?
不知是那一個 天才幕僚,建議 內部人 → 應該 fired ∼ ∼
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會員:慢慢跑10142302 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 02:41:56
第 7193 篇回應
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這版上沒有高手拉 高手還會套滿手!!,手套帶很久,套一堆!!! 一直套越套越深,光是寫這一堆有的沒有的,股票就很難漲
換一檔有這麽難嗎?
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會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 02:39:37
第 7192 篇回應
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個人觀點 不同觀點我也尊重 論壇 發言一定要滿足你的意思? 我看不必 學你
哈哈大笑 多爽
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會員:Anderson10143089 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 02:12:46
第 7191 篇回應
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這個論壇就是跌到只剩50也是繼續說:一直壓、一直收。
哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈。
對啦,晚上被鬼壓床、錢財被鬼收走。 |
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會員:ROGER588910148151 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 01:26:14
第 7190 篇回應
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現在該傷腦地是多少才是內部人想要的價!?
[會員:andytom10148211 發表時間:2019/8/26 上午 09:16:39第 7159 篇回應 就算股價下來了,多少才是你的買進價呢?依我的經驗真的很傷腦的!何必呢?] |
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會員:應無所住10144738 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 01:04:42
第 7189 篇回應
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版上有高手 知道 有高高手 一直賣 一直收 持續壓低
好棒棒 想必專業的高手已運籌帷幄 先賣了 等低價再買 大賺差價是不?
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會員:張專員10145380 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 12:35:10
第 7188 篇回應
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都已跌成這樣又要回測上次低點,可憐。 還在爭論如何增資,私募、內部人…… 跌就跌哪來一直出一直壓一直收? 真是夠了,你們。 |
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 下午 12:08:20
第 7187 篇回應
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回應本話題
回討論區1頁 |
會員:小正正10142326 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 上午 11:10:08
第 7186 篇回應
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MPN Investigation & Discovery
Can someone confirm that Roferon will be end of life 11/2019 as so has the producer and distributor informed pharmacies here in Finland and Pegasys has already taken from our market early this year for some reason, makes us PV or MPN persons desperate here
This depends on country, region. Europe, Germany in particular sunset date is 2023. By then the BESREMi / Ropeginterferon will widely availible. Its already approved by EMA. |
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回討論區1頁 |
會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 上午 10:28:23
第 7185 篇回應
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春和景明大,
讚同您的初心 我們應該都是看好藥華 長長久久長期的投資人 不畏股價下跌,被有心人故意壓低股價 而決不出脫手中持股 監督藥華 不讓內部人自肥 做出不符合大眾股東的決策
互勉之 |
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回討論區1頁 |
會員:春和景明10141799 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 上午 10:06:05
第 7184 篇回應
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Linbad大,不是在講您,我是想說服其他或許沉默地在看本討論版的投資人,以及也許有在看板的公司內部人員 我知道您也不希望引資惡名昭彰的大鱷,傷害小股東權益,我不是想和您爭論
私募加上市場合約簽訂的例子可不少 我上一篇文裡 麒麟啤酒投資美國安進就是 連結的那篇新聞可是說了,安進找資金是連台灣都找了 最後是麒麟啤酒願意投資,附帶日本、台灣和韓國的專利銷售權也都拿走了
www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20161205000060-260202?chdtv 這篇新聞有說 喜康表示,該公司與賽諾菲的合作範圍將不限於中國生物相似藥市場,也涵蓋其他生物製劑以及中國以外市場。
看吧,一次入股,不只中國市場,喜康表示中國以外市場也是合作範圍......
news.cnyes.com/news/id/4371648 華安醫學有兩個新藥在二期今年解盲 華安醫學說二大商品都已有 15 組以上的藥廠接觸當中......
新聞也許是誇大,也許是真的有這麼多藥廠想談授權 很多公司都靜靜的不會說談判進度 但沒消息不帶表藥沒價值,沒人想要
私募因股價跌了所以取消,不代表私底下沒有各路法人投資基金在接觸 希望公司不要為了給股東交代,就選擇可能溢價最多的藥廠......
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回討論區1頁 |
會員:Linbad10148532 |
發表時間:2019/8/28 上午 09:43:26
第 7183 篇回應
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這波有心人趁著 私募 故意壓低股價,一邊拋,一邊接
以便低價參與私募 賺大錢啦! |
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